Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Characteristics of the 2 Study Groups
| Variable |
Overall (N=7860) |
Post‐DCCV anticoagulation (N=5510) |
No Post‐DCCV anticoagulation (N=2350) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 74.2±8.6 | 74.8±7.9 | 72.9±10 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 4488 (57.1) | 3242 (58.8) | 1246 (53.0) | <0.001 |
| White race | 7123 (90.6) | 5077 (92.1) | 2046 (87.1) | <0.001 |
| Black race | 275 (3.5) | 140 (2.5) | 135 (5.7) | |
| Asian race | 94 (1.2) | 58 (1.1) | 36 (1.5) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 115 (2.6) | 115 (2.1) | 87 (3.7) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2639 (33.6) | 1859 (33.7) | 780 (33.2) | 0.6 |
| Hypertension | 6702 (85.3) | 4869 (88.4) | 1833 (78.0) | <0.001 |
| History of heart failure | 2593 (33.0) | 2057 (37.2) | 536 (22.8) | <0.001 |
| Prior coronary artery disease | 3497 (44.5) | 2647 (48.0) | 850 (36.2) | <0.001 |
| Prior bleeding | 1384 (17.6) | 1013 (18.4) | 371 (15.8) | 0.006 |
| Prior gastrointestinal bleed | 602 (7.7) | 431 (7.8) | 171 (7.3) | 0.4 |
| Prior cerebral bleed | 50 (0.6) | 32 (0.6) | 18 (0.8) | 0.3 |
| Prior ischemic stroke | 1125 (14.3) | 833 (15.1) | 292 (12.4) | 0.002 |
| Prior smoking | 1049 (13.4) | 753 (13.7) | 296 (12.6) | 0.2 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1832 (23.3) | 1335 (24.2) | 497 (21.2) | 0.003 |
| Liver disease | 403 (5.1) | 287 (5.2) | 116 (4.9) | 0.6 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1078 (13.7) | 815 (14.8) | 263 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| End‐stage renal disease | 108 (1.4) | 71 (1.3) | 37 (1.6) | 0.3 |
| Prior permanent pacemaker | 826 (10.5) | 647 (11.7) | 179 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Prior intracardiac defibrillator | 425 (5.4) | 341 (6.2) | 84 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 3300 (42.0) | 2569 (46.6) | 731 (31.1) | <0.001 |
| Sleep apnea | 1681 (21.4) | 1295 (23.5) | 386 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 319 (4.1) | 196 (3.6) | 123 (5.2) | 0.001 |
| Obesity | 2046 (26.0) | 1529 (27.8) | 517 (22.0) | <0.001 |
| Hypothyroid | 1982 (25.2) | 1417 (25.7) | 565 (24.0) | 0.1 |
| Anemia | 1981 (25.2) | 1442 (26.2) | 539 (22.9) | 0.003 |
| Metastatic tumor | 154 (2.0) | 104 (1.9) | 50 (2.1) | 0.5 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/connective tissue disease | 603 (7.7) | 419 (7.6) | 184 (7.8) | 0.7 |
| Lung disease | 2260 (28.8) | 1633 (29.6) | 627 (26.7) | 0.008 |
| Depression | 1027 (13.1) | 704 (12.8) | 323 (13.7) | 0.2 |
| Alcohol abuse | 181 (2.4) | 134 (2.4) | 47 (2.0) | 0.2 |
| Frailty score | 2.9 (0–8.2) | 3.0 (0–8.5) | 2.4 (0–7.4) | <0.001 |
| Atrial flutter | 849 (10.8) | 563 (10.2) | 286 (12.2) | 0.01 |
| Precardioversion TEE | 3066 (39.0) | 2458 (44.6) | 608 (25.9) | <0.001 |
| Precardioversion anticoagulation for at least 3‐4 weeks | 5299 (67.4) | 4876 (88.5) | 423 (18.0) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin | 1647 (21.0) | 1484 (26.9) | 163 (6.9) | |
| Apixaban | 2005 (25.5) | 1867 (33.9) | 138 (5.9) | |
| Rivaroxaban | 1454 (18.5) | 1344 (24.4) | 110 (4.7) | |
| Dabigatran | 410 (5.2) | 387 (7.0) | 23 (1.0) | |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score | 4.1±1.7 | 4.2±1.7 | 3.7±1.7 | |
| 1 | 403 (5.2) | 200 (3.6) | 203 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 1046 (13.3) | 631 (11.5) | 415 (17.7) | |
| 3 | 1599 (20.3) | 1112 (20.2) | 487 (20.7) | |
| 4 | 1881 (23.9) | 1349 (24.5) | 532 (22.6) | |
| 5 | 1438 (18.3) | 1072 (19.5) | 366 (15.6) | |
| 6 | 836 (10.6) | 634 (11.5) | 202 (8.6) | |
| ≥7 | 657 (8.4) | 512 (9.3) | 145 (6.2) | |
| Rural practice zip code | 802 (10.4) | 508 (9.2) | 294 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| Post‐DCCV anticoagulation | ||||
| Warfarin | 1470 (26.7) | NA | NA | |
| Apixaban | 2165 (39.3) | NA | ||
| Rivaroxaban | 1472 (26.7) | NA | ||
| Dabigatran | 403 (7.3) | NA | ||
Results are presented as n (%) and mean±standard deviation.
DCCV indicates direct‐current cardioversion; NA, not applicable; and TEE, transesophageal echocardiography.