Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in Patients With FMD With and Without PT
| N (%) | All Patients | Patients With PT | Patients Without PT | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2613 | 972 (37.2%) | 1641 (62.8%) | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 2500 (95.7) | 961 (98.9) | 1539 (93.8) | <0.001 |
| Age at symptom onset, mean±SD (median) | 50.7±13.6 (50.7) | 49.7±11.6 (49.6) | 51.3±14.6 (51.7) | 0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis, y, mean±SD (median) | 54.5±12.3 (53.9) | 53.3±10.5 (52.3) | 55.2±13.2 (55.2) | <0.001 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Headache | 1825/2606 (70.0) | 799/969 (82.5) | 1026/1637 (62.7) | <0.001 |
| Migraine type | 975/1760 (55.4) | 434/767 (56.6) | 541/993 (54.5) | 0.38 |
| Tension type | 417/1760 (23.7) | 197/767 (25.7) | 220/993 (22.2) | 0.084 |
| Daily headache | 244/1160 (21.0) | 129/536 (24.1) | 115/624 (18.4) | 0.019 |
| Hypertension | 1598/2593 (61.6) | 535/956 (56.0) | 1063/1637 (64.9) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 542/2086 (26.0) | 222/780 (28.5) | 320/1306 (24.5) | 0.046 |
| Depression | 458/2086 (22.0) | 182/780 (23.3) | 276/1306 (21.1) | 0.24 |
| History of smoking | 755/2570 (29.4) | 258/955 (27.0) | 497/1615 (30.8) | 0.043 |
| Presenting symptoms/signs at FMD diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Neck pain | 676/2466 (27.4) | 372/900 (41.3) | 304/1566 (19.4) | <0.001 |
| Dizziness | 764/2476 (30.9) | 403/897 (44.9) | 361/1579 (22.9) | <0.001 |
| Nonpulsatile tinnitus | 577/2528 (22.8) | 261/915 (28.5) | 316/1613 (19.6) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 205/2579 (7.9) | 69/952 (7.2) | 136/1627 (8.4) | 0.31 |
| Amaurosis fugax | 88/2527 (3.5) | 41/925 (4.4) | 47/1602 (2.9) | 0.048 |
| TIA | 218/2531 (8.6) | 100/924 (10.8) | 118/1607 (7.3) | 0.003 |
| Horner syndrome | 82/2498 (3.3) | 43/909 (4.7) | 39/1589 (2.5) | 0.002 |
| Cervical bruit | 566/2383 (23.8) | 327/871 (37.5) | 239/1512 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Carotid or vertebral artery dissection | 407/2536 (16.0) | 183/943 (19.4) | 224/1593 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Aneurysms | 437/2529 (17.3) | 133/942 (14.1) | 304/1587 (19.2) | 0.001 |
| Carotid or vertebral artery aneurysm | 230/2537 (9.1) | 83/940 (8.8) | 147/1597 (9.2) | 0.75 |
| Physical exam findings at FMD diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Neurological examination | ||||
| Nonreactive pupils | 73/2253 (3.2) | 38/880 (4.3) | 35/1373 (2.5) | 0.021 |
| Lid droop | 93/2243 (4.1) | 50/877 (5.7) | 43/1366 (3.1) | 0.003 |
| Cranial nerves deficit | 68/2203 (3.1) | 32/844 (3.8) | 36/1359 (2.6) | 0.13 |
| Focal neuro deficit | 106/2213 (4.8) | 39/841 (4.6) | 67/1372 (4.9) | 0.79 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Diuretics | 569/2489 (22.9) | 180/925 (19.5) | 389/1564 (24.9) | 0.002 |
| ACE inhibitors | 471/2478 (19.0) | 150/916 (16.4) | 321/1562 (20.6) | 0.011 |
| ARBs | 465/2468 (18.8) | 142/918 (15.5) | 323/1550 (20.8) | 0.001 |
| Beta blockers (including alpha/beta blockers) | 881/2500 (35.2) | 284/929 (30.6) | 597/1571 (38.0) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 512/2475 (20.7) | 169/919 (18.4) | 343/1556 (22.0) | 0.030 |
ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; FMD, fibromuscular dysplasia; PT, pulsatile tinnitus; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.