Table 1.
Sample Characteristics by Correctly Estimated and Underestimated Bleeding Risk: The SAGE‐AF Study
| Characteristic |
Correctly Estimated Bleeding Risk (n=231) |
Underestimated Bleeding Risk (n=513) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 74.3 (6.7) | 75.0 (6.5) | 0.14 |
| Race/ethnicity other than non‐Hispanic White § | 34 (14.7) | 65 (12.7) | 0.45 |
| Female sex | 130 (56.3) | 228 (44.4) | 0.003* |
| Married or living as married | 117 (50.9) | 309 (60.6) | 0.01* |
| Education † | |||
| College graduate or more | 110 (47.6) | 213 (41.8) | 0.14 |
| Living situation ‡ | |||
| With spouse or others | 163 (70.6) | 376 (73.7) | 0.37 |
| Medical comorbidities | |||
| Heart failure | 70 (30.3) | 195 (38.0) | 0.04* |
| Coronary artery disease | 40 (17.3) | 106 (20.7) | 0.29 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 21 (9.1) | 82 (16.0) | 0.01* |
| Hypertension | 182 (78.8) | 488 (95.1) | <0.001* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 57 (24.7) | 138 (26.9) | 0.52 |
| Dyslipidemia | 175 (75.8) | 420 (81.9) | 0.05 |
| Stroke | 5 (2.2) | 69 (13.5) | <0.001* |
| Anemia | 58 (25.1) | 173 (33.7) | 0.02* |
| Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 58 (25.1) | 132 (25.7) | 0.86 |
| Renal disease | 22 (9.5) | 184 (35.9) | <0.001* |
| Implantable cardiac device | 73 (31.6) | 179 (34.9) | 0.38 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| AF Type–paroxysmal | 139 (65.3) | 295 (64.7) | 0.89 |
| Time since AF diagnosis, y, mean (SD) | 5.2 (4.3) | 5.5 (4.4) | 0.27 |
| History of bleeding | 19 (8.2) | 117 (22.8) | <0.001* |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score, mean (SD) | 3.9 (1.4) | 4.6 (1.6) | <0.001* |
| Treatment characteristics | |||
| Type of OAC–Direct OAC | 91 (39.4) | 221 (43.1) | 0.35 |
| Aspirin use | 68 (29.4) | 157 (30.6) | 0.75 |
| Antiplatelet use | 15 (6.5) | 24 (4.7) | 0.30 |
| Provider type | |||
| Cardiologist | 93 (40.3) | 224 (43.7) | 0.61 |
| Electrophysiologist | 134 (58.0) | 278 (54.2) | |
| Internist | 4 (1.7) | 11 (2.1) | |
| Informed by provider of risk | 197 (86.4) | 434 (85.3) | 0.68 |
| Geriatric elements | |||
| Frailty | |||
| Frail | 19 (8.2) | 62 (12.1) | 0.29 |
| Pre‐frail | 126 (54.6) | 270 (52.6) | |
| Not frail | 86 (37.2) | 181 (35.3) | |
| Cognitive Impairment | 81 (35.1) | 189 (36.8) | 0.64 |
| Social support | 34 (14.7) | 55 (10.7) | 0.12 |
| Visual impairment | 75 (32.5) | 165 (32.2) | 0.93 |
| Hearing impairment | 68 (29.4) | 181 (35.3) | 0.12 |
| Depression | 60 (26.0) | 128 (25.0) | 0.77 |
| Anxiety | 53 (22.9) | 111 (21.6) | 0.69 |
| Self‐rated knowledge of bleeding risk | |||
| No to little knowledge | 37 (16.1) | 92 (17.9) | 0.54 |
| Some to very knowledge | 193 (83.9) | 421 (82.1) | |
| Jessa AF knowledge questionnaire, mean (SD) | 67.4 (15.3) | 66.4 (15.6) | 0.44 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean±SD and categorical variables are presented as n (%). AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CHA2DS2‐VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category; OAC, oral anticoagulant; and SAGE‐AF, Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in Atrial Fibrillation.
Statistical significance P<0.05.
College graduate or more=college graduate; graduate degree.
With spouse or others=with spouse; with family other than spouse; with people other than family; nursing home.
Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, Native American or Alaskan Native, Mixed Race or Hispanic.