Table 2.

Logistic Regression Analysis of Underestimating Bleeding Risk: The SAGE‐AF Study

Characteristic	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted Model OR (95% CI)
Age, y	1.02 (0.99–1.04)	1.00 (0.97–1.03)
Race/ethnicity other than non‐Hispanic White ‡	0.84 (0.54–1.32)	0.45 (0.24–0.82)*
Female sex	0.62 (0.46–0.85)*	0.62 (0.40–0.95)*
Married or living as married	1.49 (1.09–2.03)*	1.41 (0.94–2.11)
Education †
College graduate or more	0.79 (0.58–1.08)	0.74 (0.51–1.10)
Medical comorbidities
Heart failure	1.41 (1.01–1.97)*	0.94 (0.59–1.50)
Peripheral vascular disease	1.90 (1.15–3.16)*	0.88 (0.47–1.63)
Hypertension	5.26 (3.15–8.76)*	4.33 (2.43–7.72)*
Stroke	7.02 (2.79–17.66)*	5.18 (1.87–14.40)*
Anemia	1.52 (1.07– 2.15)*	1.06 (0.70–1.61)
Renal disease	5.31 (3.30–8.54)*	5.05 (2.98–8.57)*
Clinical and treatment characteristics
Time since AF diagnosis	1.02 (0.98–1.06)	0.99 (0.95–1.04)
History of bleeding	3.30 (1.97–5.50)*	3.07 (1.73–5.44)*
CHA2DS2‐VASc score	1.33 (1.19–1.48)*	1.17 (0.96–1.41)
Informed by provider of risk	0.91 (0.58–1.43)	1.01 (0.58–1.74)
Geriatric elements
Frailty
Frail	1.55 (0.87–2.75)	0.87 (0.42–1.79)
Pre‐frail	1.02 (0.73–1.42)	0.86 (0.58–1.28)
Not frail	Ref	Ref
Cognitive Impairment	1.08 (0.78–1.49)	0.80 (0.53–1.22)
Self‐rated personal bleeding risk knowledge
No to little knowledge	Ref	Ref
Some to very knowledge	0.88 (0.58–1.33)	0.77 (0.44–1.32)
Jessa AF knowledge questionnaire	0.67 (0.25–1.84)	2.24 (0.55–9.16)

AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CHA₂DS₂‐VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category; OR, odds ratio; and SAGE‐AF, Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in Atrial Fibrillation.

^*Statistical significance P<0.05.

^† Some college or less=high school or less; some college. College graduate or more=college graduate; graduate degree.

^‡ Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, Native American or Alaskan Native, Mixed Race or Hispanic.