Table 2.

Comparative Models for the Association of Race With Cardiovascular Events (Composite End Point of Recurrent MI, Heart Failure Hospitalization, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Death)

	HR (95% CI), Black vs Non‐Black Participants	Percent Effect Explained*
Model 1: Adjusted for demographic variables (age and sex)	2.2 (1.3–3.6)	…
Model 2: SES first: Adjusted for demographic variables+socioeconomic factors (education, income & employment)	1.3 (0.8–2.4)	82%
Model 3: Clinical factors first: Adjusted for demographic variables+clinical risk factors (smoking history, BMI, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, history of heart failure, history of dyslipidemia, left ventricular ejection fraction and type of MI)	1.6 (0.9–2.7)	55%*
Model 4: Both SES and clinical factors: Adjusted for demographic variables and both socioeconomic and clinical factors (all variables in Models 2 and 3)	1.1 (0.6–1.9)	92%

The percent effect explained was derived by calculating percent change in the hazard ratio. BMI indicates body mass index; HR, hazard ratio; and MI, myocardial infarction.

^*Compared to Model 1.