Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Trends in Young Adults Undergoing CABG in the United States, 2004 to 2018
| Variable, n (%) |
2004–2008 (n=46 273) |
2009–2013 (n=34 820) |
2014–2018 (n=29 370) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SE), y | 41.09 (0.04) | 40.85 (0.05) | 40.80 (0.06) |
| Women | 11 871 (25.66) | 9270 (27.92) | 8315 (28.32) |
| Race | |||
| White adults | 23 461 (73.07) | 21 707 (70.08) | 18 630 (67.12) |
| Black adults | 3352 (10.44) | 3880 (12.53) | 3475 (12.52) |
| Hispanic adults | 2738 (8.53) | 2934 (9.47) | 2380 (10.62) |
| Others † | 2558 (7.97) | 2456 (7.93) | 2715 (9.78) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic pulmonary disease* | 7462 (16.13) | 5530 (15.88) | 4615 (15.71) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2577 (5.57) | 2343 (6.73) | 2110 (8.85) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 972 (32.36) | 13 855 (39.79) | 13 080 (44.54) |
| Hypertension | 27 682 (59.82) | 24 277 (69.72) | 19 335 (65.83) |
| Obesity | 8680 (18.76) | 10 109 (29.03) | 11 440 (38.95) |
| Heart failure | 275 (0.59) | 371 (1.07) | 380 (1.29) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2466 (5.33) | 2277 (6.54) | 2195 (7.47) |
| Renal failure | 2930 (6.33) | 3513 (10.09) | 3705 (12.61) |
| Liver disease | 508 (1.1) | 449 (1.29) | 680 (2.32) |
| Neurological disorders | 1115 (2.41) | 1040 (2.99) | 1200 (4.09) |
| Deficiency anemias | 5690 (12.3) | 6174 (17.73) | 4620 (15.73) |
| Hypothyroidism | 1889 (4.08) | 2213 (6.36) | 1760 (5.99) |
| Valvular disease | 139 (0.3) | 176 (0.51) | 235 (0.8) |
| Smoking | 21 934 (47.4) | 18 295 (52.54) | 17 155 (58.41) |
| Alcohol abuse | 1892 (4.09) | 1440 (4.13) | 1250 (4.26) |
| Drug abuse | 2309 (4.99) | 2094 (6.01) | 1900 (7.68) |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 6607 (14.28) | 6025 (17.3) | 4765 (20) |
| Previous CABG | 464 (1) | 404 (1.16) | 685 (2.33) |
| Previous PCI | 5885 (12.72) | 5779 (16.6) | 4685 (15.95) |
| Prior stroke | 445 (0.96) | 1208 (3.47) | 1325 (4.51) |
| Concomitant PCI | 2387 (5.16) | 1931 (5.54) | 1335 (4.55) |
| Concomitant valve surgery | 3109 (6.72) | 2885 (8.28) | 2345 (7.98) |
| Hospital location | |||
| Rural | 1716 (3.71) | 1544 (4.50) | 980 (3.34) |
| Urban non‐teaching | 16 646 (35.97) | 12 109 (35.27) | 5175 (17.62) |
| Urban teaching | 27 910.43 (60.32) | 20 679 (60.23) | 23 215 (79.04) |
| Bed size of the hospital | |||
| Small | 2396 (5.18) | 1925 (5.61) | 2785 (9.48) |
| Medium | 9355 (20.22) | 5975 (17.4) | 5175 (17.62) |
| Large | 34 522 (74.6) | 26 431 (76.99) | 18 795 (63.99) |
| Region* | |||
| Northeast | 6465 (13.97) | 4936 (14.18) | 3730 (12.7) |
| Midwest | 11 269 (24.35) | 8256 (23.71) | 6905 (23.51) |
| South | 22 587 (48.81) | 16 654 (47.83) | 14 370 (48.93) |
| West | 5952 (12.86) | 4974 (14.29) | 4365 (14.86) |
| Median income | |||
| 0–25th | 13 439 (29.82) | 11 108 (32.85) | 9870 (34.11) |
| 26–50th | 12 622 (28.01) | 9463 (27.99) | 8130 (28.1) |
| 50–75th | 10 693 (23.73) | 7912 (23.4) | 6510 (22.5) |
| 75–100th | 8310 (18.44) | 5326 (15.75) | 4425 (15.29) |
| Insurance status | |||
| Medicare or Medicaid | 11 291 (24.46) | 10 350 (29.81) | 10 500 (35.83) |
| Private insurance | 26 881 (58.24) | 17 296 (49.82) | 14 940 (50.98) |
| Self‐pay, no charge, or other | 7982 (17.29) | 7072 (20.37) | 3865 (13.19) |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| STEMI | 31 098 (67.2) | 21 877 (62.83) | 16 625 (56.61) |
| NSTEMI | 8036 (17.37) | 8885 (25.52) | 9715 (33.08) |
| Non‐myocardial infarction | 7139 (15.43) | 4058 (11.65) | 3030 (10.32) |
Non‐myocardial infarction: unstable angina and stable ischemic heart disease. CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft; NSTEMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and STEMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction.
*
P>0.05.
†
Other includes Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American.