Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients With ICH According to AF Prevalence and Prior AF, 2006 to 2017
| Time period | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–2011 | 2012–2017 | Overall period (2006–2017) | ||||||||||
| All ICH | ICH with AF ‡ | ICH without AF | P value* | All ICH | ICH with AF ‡ | ICH without AF | P value* | All ICH | ICH with AF ‡ | ICH without AF | P value* | |
| n | 204 | 35 | 169 | 240 | 62 | 178 | 444 | 97 | 347 | |||
| Mean age, y (SD) | 75.0 (16) | 82.3 (9) | 73.8 (17) | 0.022 | 72.7 (18) | 83.6 (11) | 69.9 (20) | <0.0001 | 73.8 (17) | 83.3 (10) | 71.8 (18) | <0.0001 |
| Age <65 y, n (%) | 39 (19.1) | 2 (5.7) | 37 (21.9) | 0.027 | 67 (27.9) | 6 (9.7) | 61 (34.3) | 0.0002 | 106 (23.9) | 8 (8.2) | 98 (28.2) | <0.0001 |
| Women, n (%) | 113 (55.4) | 23 (65.7) | 90 (53.3) | 0.178 | 119 (49.6) | 33 (53.2) | 86 (48.3) | 0.506 | 232 (52.2) | 56 (57.7) | 176 (50.7) | 0.222 |
| AF, n (%) | 35 (17.2) | 35 (100) | 0 | 0 | 62 (25.8) | 62 (100) | 0 | 0 | 97 (21.9) | 97 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| Known AF, n (%) | 32 (15.7) | 32 (91.4) | 0 | 0 | 52 (21.7) | 52 (83.9) | 0 | 0 | 84 (18.9) | 84 (86.6) | 0 | 0 |
| Known AF treated with OAC, n(%) | 23 (11.3) | 23 (65.7) | 0 | 0 | 42 (17.5) | 42 (67.7) | 0 | 0 | 65 (14.6) | 65 (67.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Newly diagnosed AF, n (%) | 3 (1.5) | 3 (8.6) | 0 | 0 | 10 (4.2) | 10 (16.1) | 0 | 0 | 13 (2.9) | 13 (13.4) | 0 | 0 |
| ICH location, n (%) | 0.509 | 0.449 | 0.407 | |||||||||
| Lobar | 96 (48.7) | 15 (42.9) | 81 (50.0) | 121 (50.4) | 26 (41.9) | 95 (53.4) | 217 (49.7) | 41 (42.3) | 176 (51.8) | |||
| Deep | 77 (39.1) | 15 (42.9) | 62 (38.3) | 77 (32.1) | 23 (37.1) | 54 (30.3) | 154 (35.2) | 38 (39.2) | 116 (34.1) | |||
| Infratentorial | 18 (9.1) | 4 (11.4) | 14 (8.6) | 25 (10.4) | 7 (11.3) | 18 (10.1) | 43 (9.8) | 11 (11.3) | 32 (9.4) | |||
| Undetermined | 6 (3.1) | 1 (2.9) | 5 (3.1) | 17 (7.1) | 6 (9.7) | 11 (6.2) | 23 (5.3) | 7 (7.2) | 16 (4.7) | |||
| Missing | 7 (3.4) | 0 | 7 (4.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (1.6) | 0 | 7 (2.0) | |||
| Premorbid treatment, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Anticoagulants | 40 (19.6) | 24 (68.6) | 16 (9.5) | <0.0001 | 65 (27.1) | 46 (74.2) | 19 (10.7) | <0.0001 | 105 (23.6) | 70 (72.2) | 35 (10.1) | <0.0001 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 37 (18.1) | 4 (11.4) | 33 (19.5) | 0.259 | 44 (18.3) | 14 (22.6) | 30 (16.8) | 0.317 | 81 (18.2) | 18 (18.6) | 63 (18.2) | 0.928 |
| Antihypertensive treatments | 83 (40.7) | 15 (42.9) | 68 (40.2) | 0.774 | 115 (47.9) | 47 (75.8) | 68 (38.2) | <0.0001 | 198 (44.6) | 62 (63.9) | 136 (39.2) | <0.0001 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Hypertension § | 146 (71.6) | 23 (65.7) | 123 (72.8) | 0.401 | 146 (60.8) | 53 (85.5) | 93 (52.2) | <0.0001 | 292 (65.8) | 76 (78.3) | 216 (62.2) | 0.003 |
| Hypercholesterolemia § | 49 (24.0) | 9 (25.7) | 40 (23..7) | 0.797 | 64 (26.7) | 27 (43.5) | 37 (20.8) | 0.0005 | 113 (25.4) | 36 (37.1) | 77 (22.2) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes § | 33 (16.3) | 5 (14.3) | 28 (16.7) | 0.729 | 26 (10.8) | 10 (16.1) | 16 (9.0) | 0.120 | 59 (13.3) | 15 (15.5) | 44 (12.7) | 0.482 |
| Missing | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | |||
| Smoking (current or former smoker) | 58 (29.3) | 7 (21.2) | 51 (30.9) | 0.265 | 66 (29.7) | 16 (28.6) | 50 (30.1) | 0.827 | 124 (29.5) | 23 (25.8) | 101 (30.5) | 0.392 |
| Missing | 6 (2.9) | 2 (5.7) | 4 (2.4) | 18 (7.5) | 6 (9.7) | 12 (6.7) | 24 (5.4) | 8 (8.2) | 16 (4.6) | |||
| Alcohol intake | 21 (10.4) | 2 (5.9) | 2 (11.4) | 0.341 | 28 (12.4) | 7 (12.5) | 21 (12.4) | 0.988 | 49 (11.5) | 9 (10.0) | 40 (11.9) | 0.615 |
| Missing | 3 (1.5) | 1 (2.9) | 2 (1.2) | 15 (6.3) | 6 (9.7) | 9 (5.1) | 18 (4.0) | 7 (7.2) | 11 (3.2) | |||
| Chronic heart failure | 25 (12.2) | 7 (20.0) | 18 (10.6) | 0.126 | 18 (7.5) | 10 (16.1) | 8 (4.5) | 0.003 | 43 (9.7) | 17 (17.5) | 26 (7.5) | 0.003 |
| Previous stroke | 43 (21.1) | 6 (17.1) | 37 (21.9) | 0.531 | 55 (22.9) | 17 (27.4) | 38 (21.4) | 0.328 | 98 (22.1) | 23 (23.7) | 75 (21.6) | 0.660 |
| Previous TIA | 7 (3.4) | 1 (2.9) | 6 (3.5) | 0.838 | 16 (6.7) | 7 (11.3) | 9 (5.1) | 0.134 | 23 (5.2) | 8 (8.2) | 15 (4.3) | 0.123 |
| Coronary heart diseases | 19 (9.3) | 6 (17.1) | 13 (7.7) | 0.080 | 19 (7.9) | 10 (16.4) | 9 (5.1) | 0.011 | 38 (8.6) | 16 (16.7) | 22 (6.3) | 0.001 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1 () | 0 | |||
| CHA2DS2VaSc score ≥2, % | 132 (84.2) | 24 (91.4) | 108 (82.3) | 0.199 | 139 (80.0) | 52 (96.8) | 87 (74.2) | <0.0001 | 271 (81.8) | 76 (94.9) | 195 (78.1) | <0.0001 |
| Missing | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | |||
| NIHSS score on admission, median (IQR) | 8.5 (4–21) | 11 (4–24) | 8 (4–19) | 0.243 | 11 (3–21) | 14 (5–23) | 8.5 (3.0–20) | 0.077 | 10 (4–21) | 14 (5–23) | 8 (4–20) | 0.031 |
| Modified Rankin Scale score at discharge, n (%) | 0.034 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
| mRS 0 | 8 (3.9) | 0 | 8 (4.7) | 15 (6.2) | 0 | 15 (8.4) | 5.2 (23) | 0 | 23 (6.6) | |||
| mRS 1 | 19 (9.3) | 2 (5.7) | 17 (10.1) | 24 (10.0) | 2 (3.2) | 22 (12.4) | 43 (9.7) | 4 (4.1) | 39 (11.2) | |||
| mRS 2 | 26 (12.7) | 3 (8.6) | 23 (13.6) | 10 (4.2) | 3 (4.8) | 7 (3.9) | 36 (8.1) | 6 (6.2) | 30 (8.6) | |||
| mRS 3 | 14 (6.9) | 1 (2.9) | 13 (7.7) | 24 (10.0) | 7 (11.3) | 17 (9.6) | 38 (8.6) | 8 (8.2) | 30 (8.7) | |||
| mRS 4 | 58 (28.4) | 11 (31.4) | 47 (27.8) | 34 (14.2) | 4 (6.5) | 30 (16.9) | 92 (20.7) | 15 (15.5) | 77 (22.2) | |||
| mRS 5 | 15 (7.4) | 4 (11.4) | 11 (6.5) | 47 (19.6) | 14 (22.6) | 33 (18.5) | 62 (14.0) | 18 (18.6) | 44 (12.7) | |||
| mRS 6 | 64 (31.4) | 14 (40.0) | 50 (29.6) | 86 (35.8) | 32 (51.6) | 54 (30.3) | 150 (33.8) | 46 (47.4) | 104 (30.0) | |||
| Length of hospital stay ‖ , d (sd) | 19 (26) | 24 (37) | 19 (24) | 0.665 | 14 (15) | 16 (16) | 14 (15) | 0.268 | 17 (21) | 19 (25) | 16 (20) | |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IQR, interquartile range; mRS, modified rankin score; TIA, transient ischemic attack; OAC, oral anticoagulants.
*
Between stroke with atrial fibrillation and stroke without atrial fibrillation.
†
Between stroke with known atrial fibrillation and stroke with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.
‡
Refers to patients with both previously known atrial fibrillation and those with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.
§
Treated or not.
‖
Among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage; hospitalized (436 of the 444 intracerebral hemorrhage).