Table 2.

Adjusted Hazard Ratios Comparing Women With and Without HDP by Pre‐Pregnancy Hypertension Status for Fatal and Nonfatal Incident Heart Failure Within the First Year of Delivery and Up to 5 Years Subsequent to Delivery

	Incident heart failure
	Event	Event rate (95% CI)*	HR (95% CI) †
The first year of delivery
Neither pre‐preg hypertension nor HDP	172	0.49 (0.43–0.57)	Referent
Pre‐pregnancy hypertension	6	3.94 (1.77–8.76)	4.39 (1.93–9.97)
HDP	247	3.71 (3.27–4.20)	5.41 (4.39–6.65)
Both pre‐pregnancy hypertension and HDP	62	6.66 (5.19–8.55)	6.02 (4.38–8.27)
≤5 y of delivery
Neither pre‐preg hypertension nor HDP	442	0.25 (0.23–0.28)	Referent
Pre‐pregnancy hypertension	9	1.18 (0.62–2.27)	2.55 (1.31–4.95)
HDP	480	1.44 (1.32–1.58)	4.20 (3.66–4.81)
Both pre‐pregnancy hypertension and HDP	130	2.81 (2.36–3.33)	5.25 (4.24–6.50)

HDP indicatesHypertensive disorders of pregnancy; HR, hazard ratio; and pre‐preg, pre‐pregnancy.

^*Per 1000 person‐years.

^† Adjusted for sociodemographic (maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, rural/urban residence, median income, payer, Women, Infants and Children [WIC]), behavioral (smoking during pregnancy), and clinical characteristics (pre‐pregnancy body mass index [BMI], change in BMI after delivery, pre‐pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, induced labor, number of pregnancies prior to index pregnancy, previous Cesarean section, previous pre‐term delivery, Revised‐Graduated Prenatal Care Utilization Index [R‐GINDEX]).