Table 2.
Clinical Outcomes
| End points | Rhythm | N of patients with event (cumulative 5‐y incidence) | Unadjusted HR [95% CI] | P value | Adjusted HR [95% CI] | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All‐cause death | Newly diagnosed AF | 202 | (38.8%) | 2.42 [2.08–2.81] | <0.001 | 1.31 [1.12–1.54] | <0.001 |
| Prior AF | 255 | (40.7%) | 2.47 [2.16–2.83] | <0.001 | 1.32 [1.14–1.52] | <0.001 | |
| No AF | 1080 | (18.7%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Cardiovascular death | Newly diagnosed AF | 135 | (27.7%) | 2.61 [2.17–3.14] | <0.001 | 1.29 [1.06–1.57] | 0.01 |
| Prior AF | 168 | (30.0%) | 2.65 [2.24–3.14] | <0.001 | 1.34 [1.12–1.60] | 0.001 | |
| No AF | 640 | (11.8%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Myocardial infarction | Newly diagnosed AF | 31 | (7.0%) | 1.06 [0.74–1.53] | 0.74 | 1.01 [0.70–1.48] | 0.94 |
| Prior AF | 49 | (9.3%) | 1.37 [1.02–1.85] | 0.04 | 1.16 [0.85–1.58] | 0.36 | |
| No AF | 369 | (7.1%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Stroke | Newly diagnosed AF | 60 | (15.5%) | 2.64 [2.02–3.44] | <0.001 | 2.05 [1.56–2.69] | <0.001 |
| Prior AF | 56 | (12.9%) | 1.93 [1.47–2.54] | <0.001 | 1.33 [1.00–1.78] | 0.048 | |
| No AF | 284 | (6.3%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Ischemic stroke | Newly diagnosed AF | 50 | (12.7%) | 2.61 [1.93–3.54] | <0.001 | 1.95 [1.42–2.68] | <0.001 |
| Prior AF | 51 | (10.8%) | 2.13 [1.58–2.89] | <0.001 | 1.45 [1.06–1.99] | 0.02 | |
| No AF | 251 | (4.7%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Hemorrhagic stroke | Newly diagnosed AF | 17 | (3.2%) | 2.37 [1.42–3.97] | 0.001 | 2.08 [1.22–3.54] | 0.007 |
| Prior AF | 11 | (2.5%) | 1.23 [0.66–2.29] | 0.52 | 0.90 [0.47–1.71] | 0.74 | |
| No AF | 97 | (1.9%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Hospitalization for heart failure | Newly diagnosed AF | 79 | (19.9%) | 2.58 [2.03–3.28] | <0.001 | 1.73 [1.35–2.22] | <0.001 |
| Prior AF | 136 | (28.0%) | 3.63 [2.99–4.40] | <0.001 | 2.23 [1.82–2.74] | <0.001 | |
| No AF | 431 | (8.0%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Major bleeding | Newly diagnosed AF | 323 | (35.9%) | 2.14 [1.81–2.52] | <0.001 | 1.46 [1.23–1.73] | <0.001 |
| Prior AF | 189 | (34.0%) | 1.93 [1.65–2.26] | <0.001 | 1.36 [1.15–1.60] | <0.001 | |
| No AF | 1010 | (19.4%) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Any coronary revascularization | Newly diagnosed AF | 110 | (28.1%) | 0.93 [0.76–1.13] | 0.44 | 0.89 [0.73–1.09] | 0.27 |
| Prior AF | 122 | (25.0%) | 0.79 [0.66–0.95] | 0.01 | 0.77 [0.63–0.93] | 0.01 | |
| No AF | 1514 | (31.1%) | Reference | Reference | |||
Cumulative incidence was estimated by Kaplan‐Meier method, and was represented with that at 5‐year. Number of patients with event and HRs with 95% CIs were estimated throughout the entire follow‐up period by the Cox proportional hazard models. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; and HR, hazard ratio.