Short-term heterologous vaccination study with conventional mice. Mice (n = 8 to 10 per group) were immunized heterologously with Ad5-YFV and LMA vaccines in either a 1- or a 2-dose regimen. In the 1-dose regimen, both Ad5-YFV and LMA vaccines were delivered simultaneously, while in a 2-dose regimen, Ad5-YFV and LMA vaccines were administered 21 days apart in various orders and combinations. Mice receiving PBS were used as controls. The composition of the groups and the experiment time course are depicted in panels A and B, respectively. Three weeks after completion of the vaccination schedule, mice were challenged with 100 LD50 of either CO92 (C and E) or its F1 deletion mutant, CAF− (D and F), and observed for morbidity and mortality for 21 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used for analysis of animal survival. Asterisks represent the statistical significance between the indicated groups to the naive control mice. ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. Two biological replicates were performed and data plotted.