Table 1.
Sociodemographic and Military Demographic Variables and the Course of Major Depressive Episodes in Canadian Force Members between 2002 and 2018.
| No lifetime depression in 2002 or SLI (No disorder) | Lifetime depression in 2002—no depression SLI (Remitting) | No lifetime depression in 2002—depression SLI (New onset) | Lifetime depression in 2002—depression SLI (Persistent/Recurrent) | Persistent depression (Ref: Remitting) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | RRR (95% CI) | % | RRR (95% CI) | % | RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 90.2 | 86.5 | 1.00 | 86.3 | 1.00 | 76.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 9.8 | 13.5 | 1.44* (1.00 to 2.06) | 13.8 | 1.46*** (1.20 to 1.78) | 23.2 | 2.78*** (2.12 to 3.64) | 1.94*** (1.30 to 2.88) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 95.8 | 97.8 | 1.00 | 93.7 | 1.00 | 93.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-White | 4.2 | 2.2 | 0.51 (0.17 to 1.56) | 6.3 | 1.52 (0.93 to 2.49) | 6.5 | 1.58 (0.82 to 3.07) | 3.09 (0.90 to 10.57) |
| Marital status in 2002 | ||||||||
| Married/common-law | 75.3 | 65.0 | 1.00 | 69.9 | 1.00 | 58.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Widowed, separated, or divorced | 5.7 | 17.2 | 3.48*** (2.24 to 5.41) | 7.6 | 1.43 (0.96 to 2.14) | 17.5 | 3.95*** (2.54 to 6.15) | 1.13 (0.64 to 2.01) |
| Single, never married | 19.0 | 17.8 | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.66) | 22.5 | 1.27 (0.97 to 1.66) | 24.3 | 1.65** (1.14 to 2.39) | 1.52 (0.91 to 2.55) |
| Household income | ||||||||
| CAN$49,999 or less | 18.0 | 15.2 | 0.82 (0.50 to 1.33) | 23.8 | 1.42* (1.07 to 1.88) | 23.5 | 1.40 (0.96 to 2.03) | 1.71 (0.97 to 3.02) |
| CAN$50,000 or more | 82.0 | 84.8 | 1.00 | 76.3 | 1.00 | 76.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Education in 2002 | ||||||||
| Secondary school grad or less | 39.1 | 41.1 | 1.09 (0.78 to 1.51) | 47.1 | 1.39** (1.12 to 1.73) | 42.4 | 1.15 (0.86 to 1.54) | 1.06 (0.69 to 1.62) |
| Some postsecondary or higher | 60.9 | 58.9 | 1.00 | 52.9 | 1.00 | 57.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rank in 2002 | ||||||||
| Junior noncommissioned member | 49.5 | 53.6 | 1.51* (1.03 to 2.22) | 70.1 | 2.71*** (2.09 to 3.50) | 65.9 | 2.05*** (1.45 to 2.89) | 1.36 (0.82 to 2.24) |
| Senior noncommissioned member | 24.5 | 27.8 | 1.59* (1.09 to 2.32) | 16.3 | 1.27 (0.96 to 1.70) | 17.2 | 1.08 (0.74 to 1.59) | 0.68 (0.40 to 1.17) |
| Officer grouping | 26.1 | 18.7 | 1.00 | 13.6 | 1.00 | 16.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Environment in 2002 | ||||||||
| Land | 45.0 | 53.0 | 1.47* (1.02 to 2.11) | 56.9 | 1.84*** (1.45 to 2.32) | 55.2 | 1.57** (1.11 to 2.21) | 1.07 (0.67 to 1.70) |
| Air | 35.8 | 28.7 | 1.00 | 24.6 | 1.00 | 27.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sea | 19.2 | 18.3 | 1.19 (0.75 to 1.88) | 18.6 | 1.41* (1.05 to 1.89) | 16.9 | 1.13 (0.74 to 1.72) | 0.95 (0.54 to 1.67) |
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | RRR (95% CI) | Mean (SE) | RRR (95% CI) | Mean (SE) | RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | |
| Age at baseline | 36.3 (0.20) | 37.7 (0.57) | 1.03* (1.00 to 1.05) | 33.6 (0.31) | 0.96*** (0.94 to 0.97) | 35.5 (0.50) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.96** (0.94 to 0.99) |
Note. All variables were based on information collected in 2002. The first 3 columns of RRRs are referenced to the group that never had an MDE; the last column of RRRs is referenced to the group that had a lifetime MDE in 2002 but remitted (no MDE SLI). CI = confidence interval; MDE = major depressive episode; RRR = relative risk ratio; SE = standard error; SLI = since last interview (interval between 2002 and 2018).
Bold font indicates statistical significance. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001.