Table 1.
Top 20 countries with the most publications related to ORA research.
| Rank | Country | Contribution | % of 1,081 | Number of papers per trillion GDP | Number of papers per million people | h-index | ACI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA | 213 | 19.70 | 9.94 | 0.65 | 46 | 33.5 |
| 2 | Japan | 145 | 13.41 | 28.54 | 1.15 | 24 | 16.54 |
| 3 | China | 109 | 10.08 | 7.09 | 0.08 | 23 | 17.11 |
| 4 | UK | 96 | 8.88 | 33.92 | 1.44 | 36 | 48.03 |
| 5 | Germany | 72 | 6.66 | 18.65 | 0.87 | 28 | 38.21 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 65 | 6.01 | 71.43 | 3.75 | 32 | 54.09 |
| 7 | Italy | 63 | 5.83 | 31.50 | 1.04 | 28 | 41.86 |
| 8 | France | 62 | 5.74 | 22.79 | 0.92 | 26 | 34.15 |
| 9 | Norway | 45 | 4.16 | 112.50 | 8.41 | 25 | 47.31 |
| 10 | Sweden | 43 | 3.98 | 81.13 | 4.18 | 19 | 32.28 |
| 11 | South Korea | 41 | 3.79 | 24.85 | 0.79 | 13 | 22.66 |
| 12 | Canada | 31 | 2.87 | 17.82 | 0.82 | 18 | 28.71 |
| 13 | Denmark | 29 | 2.68 | 82.86 | 4.98 | 19 | 29.21 |
| 14 | Australia | 28 | 2.59 | 20.00 | 1.10 | 16 | 53.32 |
| 15 | Spain | 23 | 2.13 | 16.55 | 0.49 | 13 | 34.39 |
| 16 | Finland | 22 | 2.04 | 81.48 | 3.99 | 14 | 20.18 |
| 17 | Turkey | 21 | 1.94 | 27.63 | 0.25 | 11 | 14.81 |
| 18 | Austria | 20 | 1.85 | 44.44 | 2.25 | 15 | 66.6 |
| 19 | Belgium | 20 | 1.85 | 37.74 | 1.74 | 15 | 41.65 |
| 20 | Brazil | 17 | 1.57 | 9.24 | 0.08 | 12 | 19.59 |
Rank, based on the number of total publications; GDP, Gross Domestic Product; ACI, Average Citations per Item.
Publications from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau were assigned to China, and those from England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales were reclassified to the UK. The Demographic and GDP data were downloaded from the official website of the People's Republic of China, and the World Bank official website (https://data.worldbank.org.cn/).