Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable Cox analysis of overall survival for patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

Variable	Total population	Alive	Deceased		Univariable Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
		No.	No.	%	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age distribution (years)
35-50	10860	8731	2129	19.60	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
<35	1415	1055	360	25.44	1.36 (1.22-1.53)	<0.001	1.23 (1.10-1.37)	<0.001 a
50-70	20345	15582	4763	23.41	1.22 (1.16-1.28)	<0.001	1.11 (1.05-1.17)	<0.001 a
≥70	8998	4984	4014	44.61	2.80 (2.65-2.95)	<0.001	1.63 (1.52-1.76)	<0.001 a
Race
White	33144	24421	8723	26.32	1 (Ref.)
Asia/other	2140	1758	382	17.85	0.68 (0.61-0.75)	<0.001	0.77 (0.69-0.85)	<0.001 a
Black	6334	4173	2161	34.12	1.42 (1.36-1.49)	<0.001	1.16 (1.10-1.22)	<0.001 a
Insurance
Not insured	1436	1049	387	26.95	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
Medicaid	4800	3416	1384	28.83	1.07 (0.95-1.19)	0.264	0.99 (0.89-1.11)	0.898
Medicare	12995	7975	5020	38.63	1.50 (1.35-1.66)	<0.001	0.97 (0.87-1.09)	0.646
Private Insurance/Managed Care	22387	17912	4475	19.99	0.66 (0.60-0.74)	<0.001	0.78 (0.70-0.86)	<0.001 a
Income
Low	7839	5336	2503	31.93	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
High	15333	11767	3566	23.26	0.67 (0.63-0.70)	<0.001	0.94 (0.89-0.99)	0.041 a
High-middle	9612	7020	2592	26.97	0.81 (0.76-0.85)	<0.001	0.97 (0.92-1.03)	0.344
Low-middle	8834	6229	2605	29.49	0.90 (0.85-0.95)	<0.001	1.03 (0.98-1.092)	0.27
Home location
Rural/urban	5720	4041	1679	29.35	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
Metro	35898	26311	9587	26.71	0.88 (0.84-0.93)	<0.001	0.93 (0.88-0.99)	0.014 a
Charlson Comorbidity Index
C0	34199	25771	8428	24.64	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
C1	5921	3843	2078	35.10	1.54 (1.46-1.61)	<0.001	1.27 (1.21-1.33)	<0.001 a
C2-3	1498	738	760	50.73	2.59 (2.41-2.79)	<0.001	1.67 (1.55-1.80)	<0.001 a
Grade
G1-2	22435	18100	4335	19.32	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
G3-4	19183	12252	6931	36.13	2.18 (2.09-2.26)	<0.001	1.53 (1.46-1.60)	<0.001 a
Tumor stage
T0-1	7016	5454	1562	22.26	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
T2	13610	9939	3671	26.97	1.25 (1.18-1.33)	<0.001	1.12 (1.05-1.19)	<0.001 a
T3	17616	13198	4418	25.08	1.19 (1.12-1.26)	<0.001	1.57 (1.47-1.68)	<0.001 a
T4	3376	1761	1615	47.84	2.75 (2.56-2.95)	<0.001	2.18 (2.02-2.36)	<0.001 a
Nodal stage
N0	8255	6478	1777	21.53	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
N1	5787	4329	1458	25.19	1.18 (1.10-1.26)	<0.001	1.39 (1.24-1.54)	<0.001 a
N2	19298	14438	4860	25.18	1.14 (1.08-1.21)	<0.001	2.35 (2.12-2.62)	<0.001 a
N3	8278	5107	3171	38.31	1.90 (1.79-2.01)	<0.001	3.49 (3.14-3.89)	<0.001 a
Stage
S0-2	8050	6400	1650	20.50	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
S3-4	33568	23952	9616	28.65	1.44 (1.37-1.52)	<0.001	1.14 (1.03-1.26)	0.012 a
Chemotherapy
No	8054	4794	3260	40.48	1 (Ref.)	<0.001	1 (Ref.)
Yes	33564	25558	8006	23.85	0.49 (0.47-0.51)	<0.001	0.57 (0.54-0.60)	<0.001 a
Hormone therapy
No	12563	7024	5539	44.09	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
Yes	29055	23328	5727	19.71	0.34 (0.33-0.35)	<0.001	0.62 (0.58-0.66)	<0.001 a
Immunotherapy
No	39252	28387	10865	27.68	1 (Ref.)
Yes	2366	1965	401	16.95	0.69 (0.63-0.77)	<0.001	0.85 (0.77-0.95)	0.003 a
Subtype
Luminal	31257	24683	6574	21.03	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
Triple negative	7677	3822	3855	50.21	3.34 (3.21-3.48)	<0.001	1.94 (1.81-2.09)	<0.001 a
Her-2	2684	1847	837	31.18	1.60 (1.49-1.72)	<0.001	0.93 (0.84-1.02)	0.125
Surgery
Simple mastectomy	13582	10482	3100	22.82	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
BCS/other	9374	7279	2095	22.35	0.96 (0.91-1.01)	0.137	0.95 (0.90-1.01)	0.085
Radical mastectomy	18662	12591	6071	32.53	1.48 (1.42-1.55)	<0.001	1.12 (1.07-1.17)	<0.001 a
Radiotherapy
No	8787	5108	3679	41.87	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
Postoperative radiotherapy	32625	25116	7509	23.02	0.43 (0.42-0.45)	<0.001	0.62 (0.60-0.65)	<0.001 a
Preoperative radiotherapy	206	128	78	37.86	0.85 (0.68-1.06)	0.148	0.88 (0.70-1.11)	0.282

BCS, breast-conserving surgery; HR, hazard ratio.

^aThe statistical tests were two-sided, the significance level was 0.05.