Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Propensity matched 1:4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 250) |
TX/CA (n = 50) |
Non-TX/CA (n = 200) |
p value | |
| Demographic parameters | ||||
| Age, year | 47.8 ± 12.6 | 47.9 ± 13.0 | 47.7 ± 12.5 | 0.895 |
| Men, % (n) | 62.2 (140) | 66.7 (30) | 61.1 (110) | 0.492 |
| Coronary risk factors | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 3.31 | 24.9 ± 3.43 | 25.1 ± 3.29 | 0.731 |
| HT, % (n) | 34.2 (77) | 28.9 (13) | 35.6 (64) | 0.399 |
| DM, % (n) | 16.4 (37) | 11.1 (5) | 17.8 (32) | 0.281 |
| HC, % (n) | 80.9 (182) | 88.9 (40) | 78.9 (142) | 0.127 |
| Smoking, % (n) | 37.8 (85) | 35.6 (16) | 38.3 (69) | 0.731 |
| Family history of CAD, % (n) | 37.3 (84) | 35.6 (16) | 37.8 (68) | 0.783 |
| Lipid parameters | ||||
| TC, mmol/L | 7.19 ± 2.24 | 7.66 ± 2.64 | 7.06 ± 2.11 | 0.167 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.51 (1.15–2.13) | 1.26 (1.09–1.56) | 1.60 (1.22–2.30) | 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 5.34 ± 1.95 | 5.94 ± 2.38 | 5.19 ± 1.80 | 0.051 |
| Uncontrolled LDL-C, mmol/L | 7.90 ± 2.28 | 8.65 ± 2.53 | 7.70 ± 2.18 | 0.025 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.11 ± 0.37 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 1.14 ± 0.37 | 0.021 |
| NHDL-C, mmol/L | 6.04 ± 2.17 | 6.66 ± 2.69 | 5.87 ± 1.99 | 0.072 |
| Apo A1, g/L | 1.26 ± 0.33 | 1.11 ± 0.37 | 1.30 ± 0.31 | 0.001 |
| Apo B, g/L | 1.46 ± 0.44 | 1.60 ± 0.57 | 1.42 ± 0.39 | 0.064 |
| Lp (a), mg/L | 325.1 (169.2–710.4) | 394.0 (158.8–668.3) | 301.1 (173.6–739.0) | 0.792 |
| FFA, mg/dL | 0.49 ± 0.46 | 0.50 ± 0.20 | 0.49 ± 0.50 | 0.851 |
| Total cholesterol year score | 12,794 ± 5878 | 13,394 ± 5379 | 12,646 ± 5997 | 0.787 |
| LDL cholesterol year score | 9549 ± 4605 | 10,379 ± 4511 | 9345 ± 4616 | 0.498 |
| Genetic spectrum | ||||
| Definite FH (DLCN score > 8), % (n) | 57.6(144) | 94.0(47) | 48.5(97) | < 0.001 |
| Probable FH (DLCN score 6–8), % (n) | 42.4(106) | 6.0(3) | 51.5(103) | < 0.001 |
| Mutation positive, % (n) | 51.2 (128) | 72.0 (36) | 38.0 (76) | 0.001 |
| LDLR (+) mutation, % (n) | 38.8 (97) | 66.0 (33) | 32.0 (64) | < 0.001 |
| 1 allele | 26.8 (67) | 42.0 (21) | 23.0 (46) | 0.007 |
| 2 or more alleles | 12.0 (30) | 24.0 (12) | 9.0 (18) | 0.004 |
| LDLR (−) mutation, % (n) | 10.8 (27) | 6.0 (3) | 12.0 (24) | 0.221 |
| APOB (+), % (n) | 7.2 (18) | 4.0 (2) | 8.0 (16) | 0.328 |
| PCSK9 (+), % (n) | 3.6 (9) | 2.0 (1) | 4.0 (8) | 0.497 |
| Double or triple mutation ( +), % (n) | 1.6 (4) | 0 (0) | 2.0 (4) | 0.313 |
| Incidence of coronary atherosclerosis | ||||
| CAD, % (n) | 72.0 (180) | 78.0 (39) | 71.1 (128) | 0.132 |
| Diseased vessels, % (n) | 62.8 (157) | 62.2 (28) | 60.6 (109) | 0.838 |
| SVD, % (n) | 12.4 (31) | 6.7 (3) | 12.2 (22) | 0.289 |
| DVD, % (n) | 17.6 (44) | 15.6 (7) | 20.0 (36) | 0.498 |
| MVD, % (n) | 32.8 (82) | 40.0 (18) | 28.3 (51) | 0.129 |
| Coronary severity | ||||
| Gensini score | 28.0 (8.0–56.0) | 48.5 (20.0–79.5) | 26.5 (6.0–49.8) | 0.011 |
| SYNTAX score | 9.0 (3.8–17.3) | 16.0 (9.8–25.1) | 9.0 (2.0–15.0) | < 0.001 |
| Jeopardy score | 4.0 (1.5–6.0) | 5.0 (2.0–6.0) | 2.0 (0–5.5) | 0.032 |
| In hospital drug treatment | ||||
| Aspirin, % (n) | 71.1 (160) | 66.7 (30) | 72.2 (130) | 0.462 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor, % (n) | 21.3 (48) | 42.2 (19) | 16.1 (29) | < 0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB, % (n) | 28.0 (63) | 28.9 (13) | 27.8 (50) | 0.882 |
| β-blockers, % (n) | 56.0 (126) | 53.3 (24) | 56.7 (102) | 0.687 |
| CCB, % (n) | 21.8 (49) | 20.0 (9) | 22.2 (40) | 0.747 |
| Statins, % (n) | 82.2 (185) | 84.4 (38) | 81.7 (147) | 0.663 |
| Ezetimibe, % (n) | 48.4 (109) | 62.2 (28) | 45.0 (81) | 0.039 |
Data shown are mean ± SD, median (Q1–Q3 quartiles) or n (%). Bold values indicate statistical significance
FH: familial hypercholesterolemia; TX: tendon xanthomas; CA: corneal arcus; BMI: body mass index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; HC: hypercholesterolemia; CAD: coronary artery disease; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHDL-C: non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo A1: apolipoprotein A1; Apo B: apolipoprotein B; Lp(a): lipoprotein(a); FFA: free fatty acid; DLCN: Dutch Lipid Clinic Network; LDLR: low-density lipoprotein receptor; APOB: apolipoprotein B; PCSK9: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; SVD: single vessel disease; DVD: double vessels disease; MVD: multiple vessels disease; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; CCB: calcium channel blockers