Table 3.
The demographic characteristics of three groups
| Variables | LPPPD n = 83 | LCP n = 20 | LSPDP n = 41 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | P2 | ||||
| Age (years) | 54.8 ± 13.4 | 48.8 ± 15.7 | 45.3 ± 14.4 | 0.084 | 0.466 |
| Gender (male/female) | 36/47 | 7/13 | 10/31 | 0.495 | 0.386 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 3.2 | 24.0 ± 3.7 | 22.0 ± 2.7 | 0.004 | 0.024 |
| ASA score | |||||
| II (n, %) | 80 (96.4%) | 17 (85.0%) | 37 (90.2%) | 0.086 | 0.674 |
| III (n, %) | 3 (3.6%) | 3 (15.0%) | 4 (9.8%) | ||
| Comorbidities* (n, %) | 16 (19.3%) | 7 (35.0%) | 13 (31.7%) | 0.224 | 0.797 |
| History of abdominal surgery† | 13 (15.7%) | 4 (20.0%) | 10 (24.4%) | 0.894 | 0.953 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 124.2 ± 19.4 | 131.8 ± 7.6 | 127.5 ± 11.1 | 0.048 | 0.192 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.9 ± 3.7 | 42.5 ± 3.4 | 41.3 ± 4.1 | 0.484 | 0.229 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 87.0 (72.0–98.0) | 83.0 (57.5–98.8) | 87.0 (67.0–98.5) | 0.496 | 0.585 |
Bold value indicates statistical significance (P < 0.05; P1: LPPPD group vs. LCP group; P2: LSPDP group vs. LCP group)
LPPPD laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, LSPDP laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, LCP laparoscopic central pancreatectomy, BMI body mass index, ASA score American Society of Anesthesiologists classification score
*Comorbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease
†History of abdominal surgery including cholecystectomy, appendectomy, biliary tract and gastric surgery