Table 1.
Comparisons of clinical characteristics and outcomes among all SCAP patients
| Variables | Overall (n = 3786) | SCAP patients without T2DM (n = 2524) | SCAP patients with T2DM (n = 1262) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years old) | 66.00 (53.00, 76.00) | 66.00 (53.00, 76.00) | 66.00 (53.00, 76.00) | 0.934 |
| Sex: male (%) | 2438 (64.4) | 1636 (64.8) | 802 (63.5) | 0.464 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cancer (%) | 679 (17.9) | 449 (17.8) | 230 (18.2) | 0.776 |
| Chronic hematological diseases (%) | 71 (1.9) | 45 (1.8) | 26 (2.1) | 0.641 |
| Chronic hepatic diseases (%) | 99 (2.6) | 62 (2.5) | 37 (2.9) | 0.45 |
| Chronic renal diseases (%) | 251 (6.6) | 161 (6.4) | 90 (7.1) | 0.42 |
| Chronic cardiovascular diseases (%) | 606 (16) | 394 (15.6) | 212 (16.8) | 0.37 |
| Hypertension (%) | 1050 (27.7) | 704 (27.9) | 346 (27.4) | 0.788 |
| Chronic pulmonary diseases (%) | 919 (24.3) | 597 (23.7) | 322 (25.5) | 0.223 |
| Chronic cerebrovascular diseases (%) | 100 (2.6) | 64 (2.5) | 36 (2.9) | 0.641 |
| Primary symptoms | ||||
| Fever (%) | 856 (22.6) | 580 (23.0) | 276 (21.9) | 0.467 |
| Cough (%) | 1233 (32.6) | 847 (33.6) | 386 (30.6) | 0.071 |
| Expectoration (%) | 427 (11.3) | 300 (11.9) | 127 (10.1) | 0.106 |
| Dyspnea (%) | 731 (19.3) | 510 (20.2) | 221 (17.5) | 0.053 |
| Coma (%) | 751 (19.8) | 528 (20.9) | 223 (17.7) | 0.02 |
| Insanity (%) | 73 (1.9) | 54 (2.1) | 19 (1.5) | 0.226 |
| Chest pain (%) | 94 (2.5) | 65 (2.6) | 29 (2.3) | 0.685 |
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| Respiratory rate (breath/min) | 18.00 (15.00, 23.00) | 18.00 (14.00, 22.00) | 19.00 (16.00, 23.00) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.00 (111, 148) | 128.00 (113.25, 146) | 130.00 (110, 148) | 0.238 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.00 (61.00, 85.00) | 72.00 (61.00, 85.00) | 73.00 (62.25, 83.00) | 0.843 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.60 (36.30, 37.20) | 36.60 (36.30, 37.10) | 36.80 (36.30, 37.40) | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 96.00 (81.00, 110) | 96.00 (80.00, 108.00) | 98.00 (87.00, 115.00) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory examinations | ||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.36 (5.95, 10.86) | 6.84 (5.50, 7.93) | 12.61 (10.29, 15.30) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.99 (4.76, 8.69) | 5.40 (4.40, 6.34) | 10.08 (8.23, 12.24) | < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 64.80 (18.5, 122.00) | 61.5 (17.40, 118) | 70.2 (21.9, 127) | 0.002 |
| Procalcitonin (µg/L) | 0.33 (0.14, 1.08) | 0.33 (0.13, 0.89) | 0.35 (0.16, 1.60) | < 0.001 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 4.12 (2.17, 8.79) | 4.12 (2.15, 8.33) | 4.25 (2.20, 9.63) | 0.012 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.40 (1.10, 2.20) | 1.40 (1, 2.1) | 1.60 (1.10, 2.40) | < 0.001 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 1099 (329,3902) | 978 (290, 3570) | 1339 (397, 5067) | < 0.001 |
| APTT (s) | 31.80 (27.60, 38.40) | 31.60 (27.40, 37.80) | 32.40 (28.02, 39.48) | 0.004 |
| PT (s) | 12.90 (11.90, 14.50) | 12.80 (11.80, 14.30) | 13.20 (12.10, 14.90) | < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.57 (2.64, 4.77) | 3.52 (2.60, 4.64) | 3.82 (2.77, 4.96) | < 0.001 |
| INR | 1.12 (1.03, 1.27) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.25) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.29) | < 0.001 |
| White blood cell (×109/L) | 9.77 (6.72, 13.81) | 9.30 (6.55, 13.31) | 10.77 (7.14, 14.69) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 109.00 (89.00, 129) | 111.00 (90.00, 131) | 106.00 (86.00, 125) | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophil (×109/L) | 7.81 (5.01, 11.54) | 7.70 (5.01, 11.31) | 8.06 (5.03, 12.18) | 0.009 |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 0.90 (0.56, 1.35) | 0.90 (0.57, 1.34) | 0.90 (0.55, 1.35) | 0.995 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 175.00 (111, 254) | 178 (114, 256) | 165 (103, 252) | 0.021 |
| Monocyte (×109/L) | 0.42 (0.27, 0.63) | 0.43 (0.28, 0.63) | 0.40 (0.23, 0.62) | 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22.00 (14.00, 43.00) | 21.50 (13.00, 41.00) | 23.00 (14.00, 45.00) | 0.012 |
| AST (IU/L) | 29.00 (20.00, 51.00) | 28.00 (20.00, 49.00) | 30.00 (20.00, 55.00) | 0.045 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 73.00 (55, 107.25) | 71.00 (54.00, 98.00) | 79.00 (58.00, 133.75) | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 236.00 (148, 343) | 232.80 (144, 336) | 241.00 (156, 364) | 0.002 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32.10 (28.00, 37.58) | 32.7 (28.40, 38.50) | 30.8 (27.30, 35.77) | < 0.001 |
| Globulin (g/L) | 25.20 (21.60, 29.00) | 25.30 (21.70, 29.02) | 25.00 (21.50, 28.90) | 0.255 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 7.10 (5.00, 11.40) | 6.68 (4.71, 10.17) | 8.55 (5.56, 14.65) | < 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 11.80 (7.90, 17.80) | 12.2 (8.2, 18.2) | 10.8 (7.12, 16.7) | < 0.001 |
| Direct bilirubin (µmol/L) | 5.50 (3.50, 9.00) | 5.40 (3.50, 9.00) | 5.60 (3.50, 8.90) | 0.647 |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| ICU LOS (days) | 12.00 (6.00, 23.00) | 12.00 (5.00, 22.00) | 13.00 (6.00, 24.00) | 0.016 |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 21.00 (12.00, 33.00) | 21.00 (13.00, 32.00) | 20.50 (11.00, 34.00) | 0.168 |
| Need for CPR during hospitalization (%) | 120 (3.2) | 72 (2.9) | 48 (3.8) | 0.115 |
| Death within 14 days (%) | 461 (12.2) | 272 (10.8) | 189 (15) | < 0.001 |
| Death within 30 days (%) | 898 (23.7) | 574 (22.7) | 324 (25.7) | 0.046 |
| ICU mortality (%) | 1058 (27.9) | 669 (26.5) | 389 (30.8) | 0.005 |
| Hospital mortality (%) | 1226 (32.4) | 782 (31.0) | 444 (35.2) | 0.009 |
Data are shown as median with interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables or number with percentage for categorical variables
SCAP Severe community-acquired pneumonia, n numbers, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, CRP C-reactive protein, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, PT prothrombin time, INR international normalized ratio, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, CPR cardiac pulmonary resuscitation