Table 4.
Cost–consequences analysis of right@home at 3 years against all health-related outcomes (using multiple imputation)
| Outcome | Descriptive statistics | Comparative statistic: Intervention compared with control | |||||
| Right@home (I) | Usual care (C) | Adjusted | Effect size | 95% CI | |||
| Mean | Mean | Mean difference | 95% CI | P value | |||
| Parent care | |||||||
| Warm parenting | 4.63 | 4.64 | −0.02 | −0.13 to 0.08 | 0.622 | −0.05 | −0.26 to 0.17 |
| Hostile parenting (reverse) | 7.94 | 7.76 | 0.18 | −0.16 to 0.52 | 0.259 | 0.10 | −0.09 to 0.29 |
| Parenting efficacy | 8.07 | 7.91 | 0.16 | −0.15 to 0.48 | 0.284 | 0.10 | −0.09 to 0.28 |
| Child–parent conflict (reverse) | 22.25 | 21.24 | 0.98 | −0.34 to 2.30 | 0.134 | 0.14 | −0.05 to 0.33 |
| Child–parent closeness | 32.28 | 32.33 | −0.10 | −0.73 to 0.53 | 0.739 | −0.03 | −0.21 to 0.15 |
| Maternal health | |||||||
| Mental health: DASS—overall (Reverse scored) | 53.79 | 51.74 | 1.85 | 0.05 to 3.65 | 0.045 | 0.18 | 0.00 to 0.36 |
| Quality of life: AQoL | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.04 | −0.01 to 0.08 | 0.095 | 0.18 | −0.04 to 0.39 |
| Stress: maternal hair cortisol (pg/mg, reverse log transformed*) | 1.49 | 1.58 | 0.10 | −0.12 to 0.32 | 0.359 | 0.10 | −0.12 to 0.31 |
| Life satisfaction: Personal Well-being Index | 58.95 | 56.23 | 2.37 | −0.59 to 5.34 | 0.103 | 0.17 | −0.04 to 0.37 |
| Child language | |||||||
| Receptive and expressive language: CELF sentence structure | 9.04 | 8.74 | 0.12 | −0.55 to 0.80 | 0.699 | 0.04 | −0.17 to 0.25 |
| Receptive and expressive language: CELF word structure | 7.94 | 7.63 | 0.15 | −0.60 to 0.89 | 0.682 | 0.04 | −0.18 to 0.26 |
| Receptive and expressive language: CELF expressive vocabulary | 8.31 | 8.00 | 0.19 | −0.46 to 0.84 | 0.532 | 0.06 | −0.14 to 0.26 |
| Receptive and expressive language: CELF core language | 90.75 | 89.01 | 0.83 | −2.60 to 4.27 | 0.609 | 0.05 | −0.16 to 0.26 |
| Child health | |||||||
| Mental health and behaviour: SDQ externalising problems (reverse) | 11.62 | 11.35 | 0.11 | −0.78 to 1.00 | 0.792 | 0.02 | −0.17 to 0.22 |
| Mental health and behaviour: SDQ internalising problems (reverse) | 16.03 | 15.85 | 0.14 | −0.38 to 0.66 | 0.580 | 0.04 | −0.13 to 0.22 |
| Mental health and behaviour: SDQ total behaviour problems (reverse) | 27.66 | 27.19 | 0.25 | −0.87 to 1.36 | 0.639 | 0.04 | −0.14 to 0.22 |
| Quality of life: PedsQL physical well-being | 90.99 | 89.42 | 1.51 | −1.17 to 4.18 | 0.244 | 0.12 | −0.09 to 0.32 |
| Quality of life: PedsQL socioemotional well-being | 85.33 | 83.53 | 1.67 | −1.20 to 4.54 | 0.235 | 0.12 | −0.08 to 0.31 |
| Stress: child hair cortisol (pg/mg, reverse log transformed*) | 1.93 | 1.69 | −0.24 | −0.54 to 0.06 | 0.106 | −0.21 | −0.47 to 0.06 |
| Economic | |||||||
| Total costs $A | 26 192 | 18 507 | 7685 | 7006; 8364 | 0.000 | 0.28 | 0.26; 0.31 |
Adjusted for baseline characteristics of: child sex, family’s Socio-Economic Index for Areas score, maternal education, maternal age at child’s birth, parity, antenatal risk, maternal self-efficacy and maternal mental health; plus child age at the 3 years assessment.
*Natural log.
AQoL, assessment of quality of life; CELF, clinical evaluation of language fundamentals; CPRS, Child Parent Relationship Scale; DASS, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; PedsQL, paediatric quality of life inventory; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.