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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 7.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Med Biol. 2020 Aug 19;65(16):165012. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9454

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Illustration of the object used in digital simulation, phantom, and cadaver studies in this work. (a) Volume rendering of a simple digital cylindrical phantom containing simulated metal spheres and rods in Study #1. (b) Photograph of the anthropomorphic chest phantom with pedicle screws placed in slabs of tissue-equivalent bolus adjacent to the spine in Study #2. (c) Coronal slice from a CBCT scan of the cadaver implanted with cervical and thoracolumbar pedicle screws in Study #3. (d) Coronal slice of the digital anatomy phantom containing simulated spine screws in Study #4. Arrows in (c) and (d) mark the location of pedicle screws on one side of the spine.