Table 2.
Distribution of Cases, Environmental Exposures, and Sociodemographic Characteristics among Toronto Neighborhoods
| Characteristic | Minimum | Percentile |
Maximum | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25th | 50th | 75th | |||
| Sporadic cases to October 12 | 13 | 45.5 | 78.0 | 138.0 | 585.0 |
| Days since peak incidence | 1 | 5 | 12 | 32 | 210 |
| Days since first case | 186 | 202 | 209 | 214 | 263 |
| Tests/1,000 population (August 30 to October 10) | 40.7 | 69.2 | 84.2 | 107.1 | 142.8 |
| 2016 population | 6,577 | 12,020 | 16,750 | 23,855 | 65,913 |
| Population density per km2 | 1,040 | 3,595 | 5,072 | 7,621 | 44,321 |
| Land area, km2 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 37.0 |
| PM2.5, μg/m3 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.8 |
| NO2, ppb | 8.8 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 20.9 |
| ROS, nmol/L | 44.7 | 55.9 | 59.4 | 66.3 | 93.5 |
| NDVI >0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Age ⩾65 yr, % | 4.8 | 13.4 | 15.4 | 18.2 | 28.0 |
| Age ⩾85 yr, % | 0.3 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 8.7 |
| Black, % | 0.9 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 11.4 | 35.4 |
| South Asian, % | 1.3 | 3.7 | 6.2 | 14.1 | 47.2 |
| People of color, % | 12.0 | 27.7 | 42.9 | 67.0 | 96.6 |
| Non-English or French speakers, % | 0.2 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 5.9 | 26.9 |
| Below low-income cutoff, % | 4.1 | 12.8 | 16.3 | 20.2 | 36.4 |
| Below low-income measure, % | 4.5 | 14.1 | 18.6 | 24.0 | 45.5 |
| Less than high school education, % | 2.9 | 10.7 | 16.4 | 21.3 | 39.1 |
| Commute by public transit, % | 18.0 | 31.6 | 37.6 | 43.0 | 63.7 |
| Crowded housing, % | 1.5 | 6.9 | 10.9 | 15.9 | 42.2 |
| Unemployed, % | 4.5 | 6.9 | 8.2 | 9.6 | 14.6 |
| Not moved in the last 5 yr, % | 26.3 | 57.2 | 62.9 | 67.6 | 77.9 |
| Health occupation, % | 2.6 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 12.0 |
| Health and social assistance industry, % | 6.6 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 16.2 |
Definition of abbreviations: NDVI = normalized difference vegetation index (greenness); NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; PM2.5 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ⩽2.5 μm; ROS = reactive oxygen species.