Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Cohort at Baseline
| Characteristic | Cohort [n (%)] (N = 169,714) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| F | 95,350 (56.2) |
| M | 74,364 (43.8) |
| Age, mean (SD), yr | 60.8 (15.6) |
| Race/ethnicity* | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 109,157 (65.5) |
| Hispanic white | 15,541 (9.3) |
| Black | 12,838 (7.7) |
| American Indian/Alaska native | 1,076 (0.7) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 15,369 (9.2) |
| Multiple races | 12,600 (7.6) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 19,501 (11.5) |
| Neighborhood education, mean (SD) | |
| Percentage with less than high school education | 14.0 (12.1) |
| Smoking* | |
| Never | 62,553 (37.60) |
| Former | 62,259 (37.42) |
| Current | 41,553 (24.98) |
| BMI*, kg/m2 | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3,901 (2.3) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 44,448 (26.6) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 54,964 (32.9) |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 63,616 (38.1) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 90,094 (53.1) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 80,386 (47.4) |
| Diabetes | 30,292 (17.9) |
| Medications | |
| Hypertensive medication† | 86,695 (96.3) |
| Statin medication | 68,591 (40.4) |
| History of CVD | |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 11,055 (6.5) |
| Stroke | 15,158 (8.9) |
| 1-yr average PM2.5 at baseline, μg/m3 | |
| <9.0 | 31,734 (18.70) |
| 9.0–11.9 | 107,846 (63.55) |
| ≥12 | 30,134 (17.76) |
Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CVD = cardiovascular disease; PM2.5 = particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter.
*
Missing data at baseline: race/ethnicity = 3,133; smoking = 3,349; BMI = 2,785.
†
Hypertensive medication use among those with hypertension.