Table 2.
Crude Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parenting Styles, and Grit with Children's Health Behaviors (N=1,040)
| Variables | Categories | Healthy eating |
Physical activity (≥30 min, days per week) |
Sedentary behavior (＜2 hr/day) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | p | β (SE) | p | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | ||
| Age (year) | .02 (0.73) | .635 | .03 (0.43) | .363 | 1.43 (0.44-4.60) | .553 | |
| Gender (ref.: girl) | -.02 (0.15) | .615 | .28 (0.09) | ＜.001 | 0.69 (0.54-0.89) | .003 | |
| Self-rated health | .11 (0.10) | ＜.001 | .03 (0.06) | .367 | 1.10 (0.93-1.30) | .283 | |
| Monthly household income (10,000 KRW) | .09 (0.00) | .003 | .04 (0.00) | .179 | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | .341 | |
| Perceived socioeconomic status | .08 (0.04) | .007 | .07 (0.02) | .018 | 1.08 (1.01-1.16) | .018 | |
| Happiness | .12 (0.03) | ＜.001 | .08 (0.02) | .012 | 1.10 (1.04-1.15) | ＜.001 | |
| Grit | .14 (0.02) | ＜.001 | .11 (0.01) | .001 | 1.07 (1.03-1.10) | ＜.001 | |
| Maternal parenting style | Authoritative | .24 (0.19) | ＜.001 | .06 (0.12) | .050 | 2.06 (1.49-2.85) | ＜.001 |
| Authoritarian | -.12 (0.17) | ＜.001 | .00 (0.10) | .936 | 0.72 (0.55-0.95) | .017 | |
| Permissive | -.15 (0.21) | ＜.001 | -.03 (0.13) | .368 | 0.39 (0.27-0.56) | ＜.001 | |
| Paternal parenting style | Authoritative | .12 (0.17) | ＜.001 | .01 (0.10) | .645 | 1.58 (1.19-2.09) | .002 |
| Authoritarian | -.05 (0.15) | .108 | .04 (0.09) | .197 | 0.85 (0.67-1.08) | .188 | |
| Permissive | -.09 (0.21) | .004 | -.02 (0.12) | .468 | 0.67 (0.48-0.94) | .019 | |
CI, confidence interval; KRW, Korean won; ref., reference criteria.