Table 3.
Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parenting Styles, and Grit with Children's Health Behavior (N=1,040)
| Variables | Healthy eating |
Physical activity (≥30 min, days per week) |
Sedentary behavior (＜2 hr/day) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | p | β (SE) | p | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | ||
| Age (year) | .01 (0.71) | .799 | .03 (0.41) | .339 | 1.18 (0.35-3.97) | .787 | |
| Gender (ref.: girl) | -.01 (0.15) | .738 | .29 (0.09) | ＜.001 | 0.68 (0.53-0.89) | .004 | |
| Self-rated health | .07 (0.10) | .020 | .02 (0.06) | .560 | 0.99 (0.83-1.18) | .885 | |
| Monthly household income | .07 (0.00) | .018 | .05 (0.00) | .071 | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | .618 | |
| (10,000 KRW) | |||||||
| Perceived socioeconomic status | .04 (0.04) | .167 | .05 (0.02) | .082 | 1.04 (0.97-1.12) | .303 | |
| Happiness | .05 (0.03) | .202 | .04 (0.02) | .282 | 1.04 (0.98-1.10) | .168 | |
| Grit | .05 (0.02) | .131 | .08 (0.01) | .028 | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | .047 | |
| Maternal parenting style | Authoritative | .20 (0.24) | ＜.001 | .04 (0.14) | .318 | 1.40 (0.92-2.11) | .114 |
| Authoritarian | .01 (0.21) | .753 | .01 (0.12) | .838 | 1.29 (0.89-1.87) | .174 | |
| Permissive | -.03 (0.28) | .520 | -.01 (0.16) | .901 | 0.43 (0.27-0.69) | ＜.001 | |
| Paternal parenting style | Authoritative | .05 (0.20) | .202 | .02 (0.12) | .596 | 1.39 (0.98-1.97) | .067 |
| Authoritarian | .05 (0.19) | .234 | .04 (0.11) | .278 | 1.22 (0.89-1.68) | .222 | |
| Permissive | -.03 (0.24) | .477 | .01 (0.14) | .773 | 0.96 (0.63-1.44) | .828 | |
| R2=.100, p＜.001 | R2=.102, p＜.001 | Nagelkerke R2=.080, p＜.001 | |||||
CI, confidence interval; KRW, Korean won; ref., reference criteria.