. 2020 Jul 31;26(3):357–365. doi: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.3.357

Table 2.

Differences in Self-efficacy, Self-control, Social Support, and Internet Addiction by General Characteristics of Participants (N=119)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	Self-efficacy		Self-control		Social support		Internet addiction
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	M±SD	t/Z or F (p)	M±SD	t/Z or F (p)	M±SD	t/Z or F (p)	M±SD	t/Z or F (p)
Mean			2.87±0.54		2.83±0.49		3.13±0.42		2.08±0.42
Gender	Male	63 (52.9)	2.71±0.51	1.08 (.282)	2.95±0.47	3.04 (.003)	3.12±0.55	2.98 (.004)	2.17±0.45	2.58 (.011)
Gender	Female	56 (47.1)	2.63±0.34	1.08 (.282)	2.69±0.48	3.04 (.003)	3.43±0.57	2.98 (.004)	1.97±0.37	2.58 (.011)
Grade	High	20 (16.8)	2.88±0.61^a	3.99 (.021)	3.00±0.33	1.66 (.195)	3.48±0.60^a	3.61 (<.001)	2.06±0.44	0.81 (.450)
	Middle	75 (63.0)	2.70±0.21^b	3.99 (.021)	2.80±0.54		3.37±0.52^b	3.61 (<.001)	2.05±0.40
	Low	24 (20.2)	2.60±0.40^c	a>c^*	2.76±0.39		2.77±0.46^c	a>c^*	2.18±0.47
Having close friends^†	Yes	117 (98.3)	117 (59.44)	1.37 (.172)	117 (59.91)	0.22 (.828)	117 (59.78)	0.54 (.591)	117 (59.60)	0.96 (.336)
Having close friends^†	No	2 (1.7)	2 (93.00)	1.37 (.172)	2 (65.25)	0.22 (.828)	2 (73.00)	0.54 (.591)	2 (83.25)	0.96 (.336)
Perceived health status	Good	50 (42.0)	3.45±0.49^a	20.84 (<.001)	2.81±0.49	1.79 (.172)	3.44±0.61^a	9.33 (<.001)	1.92±0.35^a	1.63 (<.001)
	Neutral	60 (50.4)	2.65±0.32^b	20.84 (<.001)	2.79±0.51		3.21±0.50^b	9.33 (<.001)	2.10±0.39^b	1.63 (<.001)
	Bad	9 (7.6)	2.57±0.43^c	a>c^*	3.12±0.28		2.62±0.30^c	a>c^*	2.78±0.20^c	c>b,a^*
Internet user groups	Normal	89 (74.8)	3.30±0.56^a	19.38 (<.001)	3.17±0.40^a	6.43 (.002)	3.34±0.60^a	3.18 (.045)	1.89±0.30^a	1.36 (<.001)
	Potential	19 (16.0)	2.81±0.27^b	19.38 (<.001)	2.87±0.47^b	6.43 (.002)	3.07±0.41^b	3.18 (.045)	2.50±0.25^b	1.36 (<.001)
	High-risk	11 (9.2)	2.57±0.38^c	a>b,c^*	2.75±0.48^c	a>c^*	3.00±0.45^c	a>c^*	2.88±0.15^c	c>b>a^*
Life interference due to internet	Never	30 (25.2)	3.38±0.54^a	25.11 (<.001)	2.99±0.17^a	3.13 (.047)	3.45±0.59^a	3.47 (.034)	1.89±0.28^a	1.38 (<.001)
	Sometimes	78 (65.6)	2.66±0.35^b	25.11 (<.001)	2.87±0.53^b	3.13 (.047)	3.24±0.58^b	3.47 (.034)	2.50±0.81^b	1.38 (<.001)
	Often	11 (9.2)	2.46±0.36^c	a>b^*	2.65±0.39^c	b>c^*	2.94±0.29^c	a>c^*	2.88±0.10^c	c>b,a^*
Internet use time setting	Yes	45 (37.8)	2.63±0.39	0.90 (.371)	2.97±0.51	2.56 (.012)	3.33±0.59	0.92 (.359)	2.07±0.33	0.27 (.785)
Internet use time setting	No	74 (62.2)	2.71±0.55	0.90 (.371)	2.74±0.46	2.56 (.012)	3.23±0.57	0.92 (.359)	2.09±0.47	0.27 (.785)
Minutes of internet	Weekday	159.66±152.48
use per day	Weekend	354.87±269.96

Scheffé test, p<.050;

^†

Mann-Whitney U test.