Table 3.
Subgroup-specific Characteristics (N=1,200)
| Item | Subgroup 1 (rarely gambling) |
Subgroup 2 (immediate gain gambling) |
Subgroup 3 (broad gambling) |
x2 or F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | |||
| Gender | 31.99 | ＜.001 | |||
| Male | 500 (60.0) | 108 (85.7) | 158 (65.8) | ||
| Female | 334 (40.0) | 18 (14.3) | 82 (34.2) | ||
| Age (year) | 16.64±1.28a | 16.96±0.94b | 16.83±1.10ab | 4.29 | 0.014 |
| Type of institution | 100.81 | ＜.001 | |||
| Youth support center | 405 (48.6) | 31 (24.6) | 101 (42.1) | ||
| Juvenile shelter/alternative school | 87 (10.4) | 6 (4.8) | 30 (12.5) | ||
| Probation center | 204 (24.5) | 19 (15.1) | 58 (24.2) | ||
| Juvenile reformatory | 138 (16.5) | 70 (55.5) | 51 (21.2) | ||
| Age at quitting school (year) | 15.31±1.59a | 15.66±1.44c | 15.53±1.49b | 3.16 | 0.043 |
| Age at first gambling experience (year) | 13.34±3.03a | 15.32±1.62c | 14.22±2.70b | 26.57 | ＜.001 |
| Type of first gambling | 89.64 | ＜.001 | |||
| Offline | 336 (87.0) | 60 (47.6) | 180 (75.0) | ||
| Online | 35 (9.1) | 44 (34.9) | 50 (20.8) | ||
| Illegal online | 15 (3.9) | 22 (17.5) | 10 (4.2) | ||
| Type of gambling within 3 months | 11.07 | ＜.001 | |||
| Offline | 100 (84.0) | 36 (28.6) | 170 (70.8) | ||
| Online | 14 (11.8) | 51 (40.5) | 58 (24.2) | ||
| Illegal online | 5 (4.2) | 39 (30.9) | 12 (5.0) | ||
| Frequency of gambling within 3 months | 70.63† | ＜.001 | |||
| ≤1 time per week | 107 (90.7) | 59 (47.2) | 194 (80.9) | ||
| 2~6 times per week | 10 (8.5) | 55 (44.0) | 38 (15.8) | ||
| Everyday | 1 (0.8) | 11 (8.8) | 8 (3.3) | ||
| Gambling companion | 8.79 | .067 | |||
| Alone | 36 (30.3) | 26 (20.8) | 47 (19.6) | ||
| Family or acquaintance | 77 (64.7) | 97 (77.6) | 180 (75.0) | ||
| Adults and strangers | 6 (5.0) | 2 (1.6) | 13 (5.4) | ||
| Number of gambling sessions experienced | 0.31±0.46a | 7.50±1.86c | 3.01±1.10b | 2,358.53 | ＜.001 |
| Time spent on gambling (minute) | 87.77±143.09a | 139.58±150.21b | 82.83±99.98a | 13.80 | ＜.001 |
| Money spent on gambling (KRW) | 103,768.91±478,537.18a | 1,105,651.59±1,784,192.18b | 251,282.47±823,375.51a | 31.87 | ＜.001 |
| Money lost on gambling (KRW) | 63,128.15±377,696.43a | 744,117.07±1,446,931.01b | 145,770.13±519,621.27a | 25.76 | ＜.001 |
| Money won from gambling (KRW) | 228,264.53±808,308.87a | 1,147,921.29±1,497,429.83b | 215,205.45±445,155.14a | 41.84 | ＜.001 |
| GPSS/CAGI score | 1.21±2.34a | 6.16±5.48c | 2.63±3.45b | 54.93 | ＜.001 |
| ≤1 (green, no problem) | 805 (96.5) | 30 (23.8) | 126 (52.5) | 563.09 | ＜.001 |
| 2~5 (yellow, low to moderate severity) | 21 (2.5) | 35 (27.8) | 73 (30.4) | ||
| ≥6 (red, high severity) | 8 (1.0) | 61 (48.4) | 41 (17.1) | ||
| Motivation for gambling | 50.50 | ＜.001 | |||
| To win money | 19 (16.2) | 70 (57.9) | 72 (30.6) | ||
| For excitement | 56 (47.9) | 36 (29.8) | 111 (47.2) | ||
| Because of curiosity | 33 (28.2) | 13 (10.7) | 40 (17.0) | ||
| To get away from negative feelings | 6 (5.1) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (2.2) | ||
| To hang out with friends | 3 (2.6) | 1 (0.8) | 7 (3.0) | ||
| Total* | 834 (69.5) | 126 (10.5) | 240 (20.0) |
*
Missing data were not included;
†
Fisher exact test;
a,b,c
Scheffé test (mean values with another letter indicate significant differences);
KRW=Korean Won; GPSS=Gambling Problem Severity Scale; CAGI=Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index.