Table 4.
Assessments for Before and During Lockdown, According to Sex
| Living Situation | Living Alone | Living Together With Others | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time Period | Before Lockdown | During Lockdown | Before Lockdown | During Lockdown | ||||
| Sex | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women |
| Mood | ||||||||
| Anxiety | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.8 (2.5) | 3.2 (2.9) * | 3.1 (2.9) * | 1.2 (2.0) | 1.6 (2.3) | 2.1 (2.4) * | 2.7 (2.9) * |
| Depression | 2.3 (2.5) | 2.1 (2.5) | 3.5 (3.3) * | 3.4 (3.0) * | 1.1 (1.9) † | 1.6 (2.2) | 1.8 (2.4) *† | 2.5 (3.0) * |
| Loneliness | 2.8 (2.9) | 2.6 (2.3) | 4.4 (3.6) * | 4.7 (3.0) * | 1.4 (2.3) † | 1.6 (2.2) † | 2.4 (2.6) *† | 2.8 (3.0) *† |
| Fatigue | 2.9 (2.5) | 4.5 (2.6) S | 4.1 (2.8) * | 4.9 (2.9) | 3.4 (2.6) | 4.4 (2.7) S | 3.6 (2.5) | 4.6 (2.8) S |
| Hostile | 1.2 (1.9) | 0.8 (1.8) | 2.4 (2.9) * | 1.6 (2.5) * | 0.8 (1.5) | 0.8 (1.7) | 1.7 (2.4) * | 1.3 (2.2) * |
| Happy | 6.4 (2.3) | 6.9 (1.8) | 5.3 (2.4) * | 6.0 (2.3) * | 7.6 (1.4) † | 7.1 (1.8) | 6.6 (2.0) *† | 6.1 (2.2) * |
| Stress | 2.6 (2.4) | 4.1 (2.7) S | 4.0 (3.0) * | 4.7 (2.8) | 2.4 (2.6) | 3.4 (2.8) S | 3.4 (2.9) * | 4.2 (2.8) *S |
| Countermeasures | ||||||||
| Optimism | 3.0 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.5 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.1) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.1 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) * | 2.8 (1.1) * |
| Coping with stress | 6.3 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.8) | 5.8 (1.8) | 5.3 (1.7) | 6.6 (1.5) | 5.7 (1.8) S | 6.3 (1.7) | 5.6 (1.9) S |
| Support of family and friends | 4.7 (2.1) | 5.8 (1.8) | 4.8 (2.0) | 6.0 (1.6) | 6.1 (2.1) † | 6.6 (1.7) † | 6.3 (1.8) † | 6.6 (1.6) |
| Nutrition | 6.8 (3.1) | 7.4 (2.9) | 6.7 (2.9) | 7.3 (2.7) | 7.5 (3.1) | 8.0 (2.7) | 7.8 (2.6) | 7.4 (2.9) * |
| Being active | 6.5 (2.5) | 6.9 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.2) * | 5.8 (2.8) | 7.0 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.3) | 5.9 (2.6) * | 5.7 (2.5) * |
| Physical activity level | 5.5 (2.2) | 5.5 (1.7) | 4.7 (2.2) | 4.9 (2.2) | 5.0 (2.0) | 5.3 (2.1) | 4.9 (2.0) | 4.6 (2.0) * |
| Sleep | 3.0 (1.0) | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.1) | 3.0 (0.9) | 2.7 (1.0) | 3.1 (0.9) | 2.6 (1.1) S |
| Health correlates | ||||||||
| Quality of life | 7.0 (2.1) | 7.4 (1.6) | 5.6 (2.4) * | 6.2 (2.3) * | 7.6 (1.5) | 7.6 (1.7) | 6.6 (1.9) *† | 6.6 (2.0) * |
| Perceived immune fitness | 7.6 (1.1) | 7.4 (1.8) | 7.2 (1.2) | 7.1 (2.2) | 7.9 (1.4) | 7.3 (1.9) S | 7.7 (1.5) † | 7.1 (2.0) S |
| COVID-19 Symptom - presence | 2.1 (2.0) | 2.8 (2.2) | 2.3 (2.0) | 3.3 (2.3) | 2.7 (2.1) | 2.6 (2.2) | 2.4 (2.0) | 2.5 (2.2) |
| COVID-19 Symptom - severity | 2.7 (2.9) | 3.9 (3.9) | 3.2 (3.9) | 4.9 (4.7) | 3.5 (3.4) | 3.8 (4.0) | 3.1 (3.2) | 3.8 (4.0) |
Notes: Mean and standard deviation (SD, between brackets) are shown. Significant sex differences are indicated byS. Differences for mood and countermeasures were considered significant if p<0.00625, after Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons, and if p<0.05 for health correlates. Significant differences between before and during lockdown are indicated by*; significant differences between the living alone group and living together group are indicated by†.