Table 1.
Baseline characteristics before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting
| Pre-IPTW |
Post-IPTW |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-drinkers (n = 49 781) | Abstainers (n = 12 789) | Current drinkers (n = 35 299) | Maximum ASD | Non-drinkers (n = 50 833) | Abstainers (n = 12 636) | Current drinkers (n = 34 277) | Maximum ASD | |
| Age, years | 64.6 ± 11.2 | 60.1 ± 12.3 | 56.9 ± 12.2 | 0.654 | 60.6 ± 12.9 | 61.1 ± 12.3 | 60.7 ± 12.3 | 0.044 |
| <65 years | 22 110 (44.4) | 7693 (60.2) | 25 086 (71.1) | 29 070 (57.2) | 7245 (57.3) | 20 012 (58.4) | ||
| 65-74 years | 18 022 (36.2) | 3618 (28.3) | 7880 (22.3) | 14 948 (29.4) | 3621 (28.7) | 9565 (27.9) | ||
| ≥75 years | 9649 (19.4) | 1478 (11.6) | 2333 (6.6) | 6814 (13.4) | 1769 (14.0) | 4698 (13.7) | ||
| Male sex | 19 565 (39.3) | 10 192 (79.7) | 31 274 (88.6) | 1.196 | 32 221 (63.4) | 7923 (62.7) | 22 269 (65.0) | 0.047 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.745 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 0.027 |
| 0 | 2002 (4.0) | 1283 (10.0) | 4655 (13.2) | 4818 (9.5) | 1022 (8.1) | 2698 (7.9) | ||
| 1 | 8673 (17.4) | 3306 (25.9) | 12 158 (34.4) | 12 867 (25.3) | 3061 (24.2) | 9089 (26.5) | ||
| 2 | 12 065 (24.2) | 3575 (28.0) | 9760 (27.7) | 12 617 (24.8) | 3405 (27.0) | 9081 (26.5) | ||
| ≥3 | 27 041 (54.3) | 4625 (36.2) | 8726 (24.7) | 20 531 (40.4) | 5146 (40.7) | 13 407 (39.1) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 32 014 (64.3) | 8226 (64.3) | 23 203 (65.7) | 0.029 | 32 693 (64.3) | 8138 (64.4) | 21 841 (63.7) | 0.014 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 886 (21.9) | 2779 (21.7) | 6896 (19.5) | 0.057 | 10 397 (20.5) | 2604 (20.6) | 6722 (19.6) | 0.024 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 5160 (10.4) | 1279 (10.0) | 4099 (11.6) | 0.051 | 5457 (10.7) | 1369 (10.8) | 3657 (10.7) | 0.005 |
| Heart failure | 12 944 (26.0) | 3543 (27.7) | 7179 (20.3) | 0.173 | 12 045 (23.7) | 3009 (23.8) | 8476 (24.7) | 0.024 |
| Prior MI | 2476 (5.0) | 718 (5.6) | 1339 (3.8) | 0.086 | 2352 (4.6) | 600 (4.8) | 1721 (5.0) | 0.018 |
| PAD | 11 023 (22.1) | 2309 (18.1) | 5862 (16.6) | 0.140 | 9735 (19.2) | 2459 (19.5) | 6552 (19.1) | 0.008 |
| COPD | 10 699 (21.5) | 2546 (19.9) | 4883 (13.8) | 0.201 | 9274 (18.2) | 2320 (18.4) | 6495 (19.0) | 0.018 |
| CKD | 8490 (17.1) | 1541 (12.1) | 2776 (7.9) | 0.281 | 6537 (12.9) | 1631 (12.9) | 4523 (13.2) | 0.009 |
| Cancer | 3415 (6.9) | 1239 (9.7) | 1039 (2.9) | 0.279 | 2895 (5.7) | 705 (5.6) | 2143 (6.3) | 0.028 |
| Medication | ||||||||
| OAC | 12 283 (24.7) | 3767 (29.5) | 7579 (21.5) | 0.184 | 11 992 (23.6) | 3049 (24.1) | 8286 (24.2) | 0.012 |
| Warfarin | 7712 (15.5) | 2630 (20.6) | 5370 (15.3) | 0.151 | 7984 (15.7) | 2029 (16.0) | 5545 (16.2) | 0.015 |
| DOAC | 4571 (9.2) | 1137 (8.9) | 2202 (6.2) | 0.110 | 4008 (7.9) | 1020 (8.1) | 2743 (8.0) | 0.006 |
| Aspirin | 10 348 (20.8) | 2537 (19.8) | 7650 (21.7) | 0.045 | 10 461 (20.6) | 2693 (21.3) | 7041 (20.5) | 0.018 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 2722 (5.5) | 649 (7.1) | 1605 (4.6) | 0.042 | 2549 (5.0) | 626 (5.0) | 1827 (5.3) | 0.016 |
| Statin | 8924 (17.9) | 1856 (14.5) | 4915 (13.9) | 0.109 | 7979 (15.7) | 2039 (16.1) | 5386 (15.7) | 0.011 |
| Health exam parameter | ||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 3.3 | 24.4 ± 3.3 | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 0.141 | 24.6 ± 3.4 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 24.5 ± 3.2 | 0.013 |
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 20 166 (40.5) | 5222 (40.8) | 16 396 (46.5) | 0.120 | 21 665 (42.6) | 5350 (42.3) | 14 283 (42.0) | 0.013 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 38 900 (78.1) | 6652 (52.0) | 11 526 (32.7) | 1.029 | 29 261 (57.6) | 7329 (58.0) | 19 403 (56.6) | 0.008 |
| Smoker | 10 881 (21.9) | 6137 (48.0) | 23 773 (67.3) | 21 572 (42.4) | 5307 (42.0) | 14 783 (43.4) | ||
| Regular exercise | 9574 (19.2) | 3069 (24.0) | 9311 (26.4) | 0.170 | 11 449 (22.5) | 2801 (22.2) | 7851 (22.9) | 0.017 |
| Low income | 8936 (18.0) | 2107 (16.5) | 5267 (14.9) | 0.081 | 8640 (17.0) | 2173 (17.2) | 6028 (17.6) | 0.015 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are presented as number (percentage).
AF, atrial fibrillation; ASD, absolute standardized difference; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant;IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; MI, myocardial infarction; OAC, oral anticoagulant; PAD, peripheral artery disease.