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Bar diagram of average operation time (minutes), intraoperative blood loss (mL) and hospital stay (days) for open TLIF and MIS-TLIF group (dark area is for open TLIF, and lighter area is for MIS-TLIF). TLIF indicates transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; MIS-TLIF, minimally invasive surgery–transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
