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Bar diagram of average preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up for (A) visual analog scale (VAS) and (B) Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in open TLIF and MIS-TLIF (dark area is for open TLIF, and lighter area is for MIS-TLIF). TLIF indicates transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; MIS-TLIF, minimally invasive surgery–transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
