Table 2.
Descriptive analysis of the surgical outcome and comparison between the ioUS and combined ioMRI + ioUS group
| Characteristics | Total | IoUS | ioUS+IoMRI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative Karnofski performance scale (KPS) Score | ||||
| ≥70 | 26 (54.17 %) | 8 (61.54 %) | 18 (51.43 %) | 0.746 |
| <70 | 22 (45.83 %) | 5 (38.46 %) | 17 (48.57 %) | |
| Preoperative NANO scale (median) | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 0.917 |
| Extent of resection | ||||
| Gross total resection (GTR) | 31 (64.58 %) | 7 (53.84 %) | 24 (68.58 %) | 0.498 |
| Near total resection (NTR) | 12 (25 %) | 3 (23.08 %) | 9 (25.71 %) | 1 |
| Subtotal resection (STR) | 5 (10.42 %) | 3 (23.08 %) | 2 (5.71 %) | 0.115 |
| Average length of surgery (minutes) | 169.7 ± 58.93 | 111.1 ± 51.32 | 189.7 ± 47.11 | 0.0002 |
| Postoperative complications * | 8 (16.67 %) | 1 (7.69 %) | 7 (20 %) | 0.418 |
| Altered mental status | 4 (8.33 %) | 0 | 4 (11.43 %) | 0.563 |
| Urinary tract infection | 3 (6.25 %) | 0 | 3 (8.57 %) | 0.553 |
| Wound infection | 2 (4.17 %) | 0 | 2 (5.71 %) | 1 |
| Ileus | 2 (4.17 %) | 0 | 2 (5.71 %) | 1 |
| Postoperative hematoma (Managed without evacuation) | 1 (2.08 %) | 1 (7.69 %) | 0 | 0.271 |
| Pulmonary embolus | 1 (2.08 %) | 0 | 1 (2.86 %) | 1 |
| Perforator infarct | 1 (2.08 %) | 0 | 1 (2.86 %) | 1 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (2.08 %) | 0 | 1 (2.86 %) | 1 |
| Average length of the hospital stay after the surgery (Days) | 4.583 ± 3.451 | 4.769 ± 2.891 | 4.514 ± 3.673 | 0.803 |
| Disposition | ||||
| Home | 23 (47.92 %) | 6 (46.15 %) | 17 (48.57 %) | 1 |
| Skilled nursing facilities (Short-term) | 16 (33.33 %) | 5 (38.46 %) | 11 (31.43 %) | 0.735 |
| Rehabilitation centers | 9 (18.75 %) | 2 (15.38 %) | 7 (20 %) | 1 |
| Functional outcome (Median) | ||||
| Postoperative KPS score (at discharge) | 70 | 70 | 70 | 0.964 |
| Postoperative follow-up KPS score (at 6 weeks follow-up) | 90 | 80 | 90 | 0.382 |
| Median Follow-up NANO scale | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.722 |
| Changes in functional outcome | ||||
| Improvement | 28 (58.33 %) | 6 (46.15 %) | 22 (62.86 %) | 0.339 |
| Unchanged | 12 (25 %) | 5 (38.46 %) | 7 (20 %) | 0.263 |
| Worsening | 8 (16.67 %) | 2 (15.38 %) | 6 (17.14 %) | 1 |
| Chemoradiation protocols | ||||
| Stupp protocol | 24 (50 %) | 4 (30.77 %) | 20 (57.14 %) | 0.193 |
| Perry protocol | 5 (10.42 %) | 0 | 5 (14.29 %) | 0.304 |
| Hypofractionated radiation treatment alone | 8 (16.67 %) | 4 (30.77 %) | 4 (11.43 %) | 0.187 |
| No therapy | 11 (22.92 %) | 5 (38.46 %) | 6 (17.14 %) | 0.14 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level
*Some patients developed more than one complication