Table 1.
Summary of radionuclides and radioactive nanocarriers investigated in preclinical studies on nanobrachytherapy.
| Radioisotopes | Half-life [days] | Decay mode | Emissions | Energy [keV] | Range max | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 961 (99%), 285 (1%) | 4 mm | ||||
| Au-198 | 22.7 | β (100%) | γ | 412 (96%), 676 (<1%), 1088 (<1%) | – | (49) |
| β | 462 (6.0%), 296 (71.6%), 250 (22.4%) | – | ||||
| Au-199 | 23.1 | β (100%) | γ | 159 (37%) | – | (37) |
| β | 497 (79%), 385 (9%) | 1.6 mm | ||||
| Lu-177 | 26.7 | β (100%) | γ | 208 (11%), 113 (6%) | – | (50) |
| β | 248 (2%), 334 (7%), 606 (90%) | 0.6 mm | ||||
| I-131 | 28 | β (100%) | γ | 284 (6%), 365 (82%), 637 (7%) | – | (17) |
| Ac-225 | 10 | α (100%) | α | 5800 (100%) | 100 um | (14) |
| At-211 | 0.3 | α (100%) | α | 5870 (100%) | – | (51) |
| Pd-103 | 17 | EC (100%) | γ | 20 (64%), 23 (13%) | – | (38) |
| I-125 | 59.9 | EC (100%) | γ | 27 (114%), 31 (26%), 36 (7%) | – | (45) |
| In-111 | 2.8 | EC (100%) | γ | 245 (94%), 171 (90%) | – | (52) |
EC, electron capture.