. 2021 Dec;60:101556. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101556

Table 2.

Summary of studies included in the review.

Author (year)	Intervention	Control	Outcome	Measure	n_e	n_c	g₊
Alessi et al. (2016) [117]	CBTi	Sleep education	Depression	PHQ-9	89	51	0.20
Ashworth et al. (2015) [118]	CBTi	CBTi (self-help)	Anxiety	DASS-A	18	18	−1.41∗∗∗
Ashworth et al. (2015) [118]			Depression	BDI	18	18	−2.31∗∗∗
Behrendt et al. (2020) [119]	CBTi	WLC	Depression	CES-D	46	80	−0.52∗∗
Behrendt et al. (2020) [119]			Rumination	PSWQ	46	80	−0.45∗
Bergdahl et al. (2016) [120]	CBTi	Acupuncture	Anxiety	HADS-A	23	22	0.03
Bergdahl et al. (2016) [120]			Depression	HADS-D	23	22	0.06
Blom et al. (2017) [121]	CBTi	CBT for depression	Depression	MADRS	20	17	−0.31
Cape et al. (2016) [122]	CBTi	TaU	Anxiety	GAD-7	91	99	−0.11
Cape et al. (2016) [122]			Depression	PHQ-9	92	100	−0.20
Casault et al. (2015) [123]	CBTi	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	17	18	−0.39
Casault et al. (2015) [123]			Depression	HADS-D	17	18	−0.11
Chang et al. (2016) [124]	Herbal tea	WLC	Depression	EPDS	35	37	−0.52∗
Chang et al. (2016) [125]	Sleep education + relaxation	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	43	41	−0.68∗∗
Chang et al. (2016) [125]			Depression	HADS-D	43	41	−0.52∗
Chao et al. (2021) [126]	CBTi	WLC	Depression	HADS-D	32	39	−0.67∗∗
Chao et al. (2021) [126]			Anxiety	HADS-A	32	39	−0.60∗
Chen et al. (2009) [127]	Yoga	TaU	Depression	TDS	62	66	−0.60∗∗∗
Chen et al. (2019) [128]	Acupuncture	Sham acupuncture	Mood/affect	K-10	31	31	−0.50
Cheng et al. (2019) [129]	CBTi	Sleep education	Depression	QIDS	358	300	−0.45∗∗∗
Christensen et al. (2016) [130]	CBTi	Health education	Anxiety	GAD-7	224	280	−0.34∗∗∗
Christensen et al. (2016) [130]			Depression	PHQ-9	224	280	−0.53∗∗∗
Chung et al. (2018) [131]	Acupuncture	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	71	32	−0.37
Chung et al. (2018) [131]			Depression	HADS-D	71	32	−0.46∗
Currie et al. (2000) [132]	CBTi	WLC	Depression	BDI	32	28	−0.31
Edinger et al. (2005)^a [133]	CBTi	TaU	Mood/affect	POMS	6	7	−1.27
Edinger et al. (2005)^b [133]	Sleep hygiene	TaU	Mood/affect	POMS	7	7	−1.00
Espie et al. (2008) [81]	CBTi	Sleep hygiene	Anxiety	HADS-A	67	39	−0.52∗
Espie et al. (2008) [81]			Depression	HADS-D	67	39	−0.59∗∗
Espie et al. (2014) [134]	CBTi	TaU	Anxiety	DASS-A	40	47	−0.79∗∗∗
			Depression	DASS-D	40	47	−0.94∗∗∗
			Stress	DASS-S	40	47	−0.93∗∗∗
Espie et al. (2019) [135]	CBTi	WLC	Anxiety	GAD-7	411	495	−0.31∗∗∗
Espie et al. (2019) [135]			Depression	PHQ-9	411	495	−0.39∗∗∗
Falloon et al. (2015) [136]	Sleep restriction	Sleep hygiene	Anxiety	GAD-7	43	50	−0.50∗
Falloon et al. (2015) [136]			Depression	PHQ-9	43	50	−0.27
Felder et al. (2020) [137]	CBTi	TaU	Depression	EPDS	88	91	−0.40∗∗
Felder et al. (2020) [137]			Anxiety	GAD-7	88	90	−0.37∗
Freeman et al. (2015) [138]	CBTi	TaU	Delusions	PSYRATS	23	25	−0.24
			Hallucinations	PSYRATS	23	25	−0.23
			Paranoia	GPTS	20	25	−0.28
			Psychosis	PANSS tot	21	24	−0.07
Freeman et al. (2017) [139]	CBTi	TaU	Anxiety	GAD-7	603	971	−0.26∗∗∗
			Depression	PHQ-9	603	971	−0.35∗∗∗
			Hallucinations	SPEQ	603	971	−0.27∗∗∗
			Paranoia	GPTS	603	971	−0.27∗∗∗
Garland et al. (2014) [140]	CBTi	Mindfulness	Mood/affect	POMS	40	32	−0.19
Garland et al. (2014) [140]			Stress	C–SOSI	40	32	−0.26
Garland et al. (2019) [141]	CBTi	Acupuncture	Anxiety	HADS-A	73	75	0.02
Garland et al. (2019) [141]			Depression	HADS-D	73	75	−0.09
Germain et al. (2012) [142]	CBTi + IRT	Prazosin placebo	Anxiety	BAI	12	12	−0.28
			Depression	BDI	12	12	−0.36
			PTSD	PCL	12	12	−0.46
Glozier et al. (2019) [143]	CBTi	Sleep education	Depression	CES-D	31	28	−0.03
Ham et al. (2020) [144]	CBTi	Sleep hygiene	Depression	CES-D	24	20	−0.56
Ho et al. (2014)^a [145]	CBTi + telephone support	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	49	33	−0.21
Ho et al. (2014)^a [145]			Depression	HADS-D	49	33	−0.13
Ho et al. (2014)^b [145]	CBTi	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	45	33	−0.19
Ho et al. (2014)^b [145]			Depression	HADS-D	45	33	−0.16
Irwin et al. (2014)^a [146]	CBTi	WLC	Depression	IDS-C	46	11	−0.63
Irwin et al. (2014)^b [146]	Tai Chi	WLC	Depression	IDS-C	39	12	−0.22
Jansson-Frojmark et al. (2012) [147]	CBTi	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	15	15	−1.19∗∗
Jansson-Frojmark et al. (2012) [147]			Depression	HADS-D	15	15	−1.12∗∗
Jernelov et al. (2012)^a [148]	CBTi + telephone support	WLC	Mood/affect	CORE-OM	44	22	−0.50
Jernelov et al. (2012)^a [148]			Stress	PSS	44	22	−0.64∗
Jernelov et al. (2012)^b [148]	CBTi	WLC	Mood/affect	CORE-OM	45	22	−0.39
Jernelov et al. (2012)^b [148]			Stress	PSS	45	22	−0.30
Jungquist et al. (2012) [149]	CBTi	Self-monitoring	Depression	BDI	14	4	−2.44∗∗∗
Kaldo, V et al. (2015) [150]	CBTi	Mindfulness + sleep hygiene + relaxation	Stress	PSS	54	53	0.00
Kalmbach et al. (2019)^a [151]	CBTi	Sleep hygiene	Depression	BDI-II	42	20	−0.45
			Rumination	ERRI	42	20	−0.17
			Rumination	PSWQ	42	20	−0.38
Kalmbach et al. (2019)^b [151]	CBTi	Sleep hygiene	Depression	BDI-II	34	20	−0.51
				ERRI	34	20	−0.08
				PSWQ	34	20	−0.53
Katofsky et al. (2012) [152]	CBTi + sleep medication	Sleep medication	Depression	BDI	41	39	−0.11
Kyle et al. (2020) [153]	CBTi	WLC	Depression	PHQ-9	136	166	−0.53∗∗∗
Kyle et al. (2020) [153]			Anxiety	GAD-7	136	166	−0.33∗∗
Lancee et al. (2012)^a [154]	CBTi (digital)	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	109	92	−0.17
Lancee et al. (2012)^a [154]			Depression	CES-D	109	42	−0.23
Lancee et al. (2012)^b [154]	CBTi (booklet)	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	126	91	−0.02
Lancee et al. (2012)^b [154]			Depression	CES-D	126	41	−0.03
Lancee et al. (2013) [155]	CBTi	CBTi (self-help)	Anxiety	HADS-A	102	95	−0.16
Lancee et al. (2013) [155]			Depression	CES-D	102	95	−0.32∗
Lee et al. (2020) [156]	Acupuncture	WLC	Depression	HADS-D	49	49	−2.66∗∗∗
Lee et al. (2020) [156]			Anxiety	HADS-A	49	49	−0.91∗∗∗
Lichstein et al. (2013) [157]	CBTi	Hypnotic taper	Anxiety	STAI	22	18	−0.35
Lichstein et al. (2013) [157]			Depression	GDS	22	18	−0.72∗
Martinez et al. (2014) [158]	CBTi	Sleep hygiene	Anxiety	SCL-90-R	27	20	−0.06
Martinez et al. (2014) [158]			Depression	SCL-90-R	27	20	−0.37
McCrae et al. (2019) [159]	CBTi	WLC	Anxiety	STAI	24	23	−0.42
McCrae et al. (2019) [159]			Depression	BDI	24	23	−0.57
McCurry et al. (1998) [160]	CBTi	WLC	Depression	CES-D	20	9	−0.08
Nguyen et al. (2017) [161]	CBTi	TaU	Anxiety	HADS-A	13	11	−0.98∗
Nguyen et al. (2017) [161]			Depression	HADS-D	13	11	−1.73∗∗∗
Nguyen et al. (2019) [162]	CBTi	TaU	Anxiety	HADS-A	9	6	−0.37
Nguyen et al. (2019) [162]			Depression	HADS-D	9	6	−1.51∗
Norell-Clarke et al. (2015) [163]	CBTi	Relaxation + sleep hygiene	Depression	BDI	24	20	−0.33
Park et al. (2015) [164]	Nordic walking	General walking	Depression	BDI	12	12	−1.10∗
Peoples et al. (2019) [165]	CBTi	Sleep hygiene + Armodafinil + placebo	Depression	PHQ-9	30	30	−0.97∗∗∗
Raskind et al. (2013) [166]	Prazosin	Placebo	Depression	HAM-D	32	35	−0.67∗∗
			Depression	PHQ-9	32	35	−0.69∗∗
			PTSD	CAPS	32	35	−0.83∗∗
Sadler et al. (2018) [167]	CBTi	Sleep education	Anxiety	GAI	22	21	−2.02∗∗∗
Sadler et al. (2018) [167]			Depression	GDS	22	21	−4.14∗∗∗
Sato et al. (2019) [168]	CBTi	TaU	Anxiety	HADS-A	11	11	−0.81
Sato et al. (2019) [168]			Depression	CES-D	11	11	−1.52∗∗
Savard et al. (2005) [169]	CBTi	WLC	Anxiety	HADS-A	27	30	0.35
Savard et al. (2005) [169]			Depression	HADS-D	27	30	0.27
Schiller et al. (2018) [170]	CBTi	WLC	Burnout	SMBQ	25	26	−0.03
Sheaves et al. (2017) [171]	CBTi	TaU	Suicidal ideation	BSS	20	20	−0.14
			Psychosis	PANSS pos	20	20	−0.31
			Psychosis	PANSS neg	20	20	−0.51
			Psychosis	PANSS tot	20	20	−0.34
Sheaves et al. (2019) [172]	CBT for nightmares	TaU	Anxiety	DASS-A	11	9	−0.65
			Depression	DASS-D	11	9	0.15
			Dissociation	DES-B	11	9	−0.73
			Hallucinations	CAPS	11	9	−0.10
			Paranoia	GPTS	11	9	−0.82
			Psychosis	DES-B	11	9	−0.73
			Stress	DASS-S	11	9	−0.46
			Suicidal ideation	BSS	11	9	0.48
Song et al. (2020) [173]	CBTi	Sleep hygiene	Depression	BDI	12	13	−0.07
Song et al. (2020) [173]			Anxiety	BAI	12	13	−0.98∗
Tek et al. (2014) [174]	Eszopiclone	Placebo	Depression	CDS	19	17	−0.07
			Psychosis	PANSS-pos	19	17	−0.32
			Psychosis	PANSS-neg	19	17	−0.05
			Psychosis	PANSS-tot	19	17	−0.10
Thiart et al. (2015) [175]	CBTi	WLC	Rumination	PSWQ	59	54	−0.84∗∗∗
Wagley (2010) [176]	CBTi	WLC	Depression	PHQ-9	24	10	−1.55∗∗∗
Wen et al. (2018) [177]	Augmented acupuncture	Standard acupuncture	Depression	HADS-D	43	46	−1.01∗∗∗
Yeung et al. (2011)^a [178]	Electroacupuncture	Placebo acupuncture	Depression	HDRS	22	11	−0.28
Yeung et al. (2011)^b [178]	Standard acupuncture	Placebo acupuncture	Depression	HDRS	23	12	−0.47
Zhang et al. (2020) [179]	Acupuncture	Sham acupuncture	Depression	SDS	46	44	−3.56∗∗∗
Zhang et al. (2020) [179]			Anxiety	SAS	46	44	−3.93∗∗∗
Zhu et al. (2018) [180]	Tai Chi	TaU	Depression	SDS	37	12	−0.30

Note: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. CBTi = cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, dx = diagnosis, IRT = image rehearsal therapy, MH = mental health, n_e = number of participants in intervention group, n_c = number of participants in the control group, PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder, TaU = treatment as usual, WLC = wait list control. ^abSubscript indicates that the study reports multiple eligible interventions in the same study, in these situations both interventions were included as separate studies in the analysis and the control was halved accordingly.