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. 2021 Dec 7;11:23525. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02073-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effect of crocin-loaded nanoniosomes on (a) 1 h after I/R-induced changes in creatinine serum level, (b) 24 h after I/R-induced changes in creatinine serum level, (c) 1 h after I/R-induced changes in urea serum level, (d) 24 h after I/R-induced changes in urea serum level, (e) comparison ischemia-induced changes followed by 1 h and 24 of reperfusion in creatinine serum level and (f) comparison ischemia-induced changes followed by 1 h and 24 of reperfusion in urea serum level. Data presented as mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001 and versus control group; ⁺P < 0.05, ⁺⁺P < 0.01and ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.001 versus I/R group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001 versus I/R + empty niosome group.