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. 2021 Oct 11;125(12):1647–1656. doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01571-y

Fig. 3. Effects of 5-aza-dC on DNA methylation.

Fig. 3

a Genome-wide DNA demethylation by 5-aza-dC in NB-1 and TGW cell lines. Genome-wide DNA methylation levels were analysed using an Infinium Human Methylation BeadChip (450 K for NB-1, EPIC for TGW) in non-treated cells and 5-aza-dC-treated cells (0.3 µM) and compared. Methylation levels are shown as β-values (0.0–1.0). Comparison between non-treated cells and treated cells showed that 5-aza-dC induced strong DNA demethylation at CpG sites and at CpG islands (CGIs). b IPA analysis of the biological functions of hypomethylated CGIs located at TSS200 or enhancer regions. “Embryonic development” was significantly enriched in both cell lines, and “Nervous system development and function” was enriched in NB-1 cells. c Identification of upstream regulators by IPA. Transcription factors related to neuron differentiation were identified as upstream regulators of hypomethylated genes. d DNA methylation status of the target genes of ZFHX3 and ADRB2 in NB-1 and TGW, respectively. The genes involved in neural differentiation and RA signaling were demethylated by 5-aza-dC treatment.