Table 5.
Uni- and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression analyses of predictors of the development of thrombotic events in patients with SLE.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Model 1a | Model 2b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | P-value | HR | P-value | HR | P-value | |
| Hypertension | 3.938 (1.527–10.154) | 0.005 | 2.857 (1.247–6.547) | 0.013 | 7.805 (1.929–31.581) | 0.004 |
| Anti-phospholipid syndrome | 9.828 (3.798–25.434) | < 0.001 | 7.291 (2.868–18.536) | < 0.001 | 12.600 (4.305–36.292) | < 0.001 |
| Mean daily prednisolone > 5 mg/day | 14.255 (5.161–39.377) | < 0.001 | 9.039 (3.455–23.646) | < 0.001 | 3.666 (1.318–10.197) | 0.013 |
| ACEi or ARB | 2.344 (0.988–5.565) | 0.053 | 2.002 (0.925–4.334) | 0.078 | 0.159 (0.043–0.594) | 0.006 |
| SDIc | 1.997 (1.463–2.725) | < 0.001 | 1.980 (1.512–2.592) | < 0.001 | 1.992 (1.465–2.709) | < 0.001 |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; aPL, anti-phospholipid antibody; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; HR, hazard ratio; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
aMultivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for age, gender and disease duration.
bMultivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and disease duration, and variables significant at P < 0.10 in univariate analyses, including hypertension, central nervous system involvement, proteinuria, anti-phospholipid antibody, total cholesterol, anti-phospholipid syndrome, mean daily prednisolone > 5 mg/day, anticoagulation or antiplatelet drugs, ACEi or ARB and SDI.
cSDI was measured before the occurrence of thrombotic events or at the last visit.