Table 1:

Pre-COVID and Post-COVID Adaptations

Duke University

Pre-COVID Adaptations

Approach adapted for children ages 3-10 years with co-occurring ASD and ADHD

Adaptations by ESDM certified trainers and ESDM co-developer

Coaching sessions reduced from 12 to 8, 1-hour in-person sessions

Two goals developed by caregiver in first coaching session (No Curriculum Checklist)

Post-COVID Adaptations

Telehealth adaptations by ESDM trainers and ESDM co-developer

Telehealth coaching adapted for synchronous delivery (asynchronous available if limited broadband)

Session structure and content maintained with synchronous telehealth delivery

No additional training needed to facilitate synchronous telehealth coaching

University of Cape Town

Pre-COVID Adaptations

Adaptations of training approach and supervision structure for non-specialist delivery

Adaptations by ESDM certified trainer and ESDM certified therapists

C-ESDM videos used to convey session topics in 12, 1-hour in-person coaching sessions

Text-based visual aids (‘refrigerator lists’) with core intervention content displayed during coaching

Post-COVID Adaptations

Telehealth adaptations by ESDM trainer, certified therapists, with consultation from C-ESDM developer

Telehealth coaching adapted for asynchronous delivery

Session structure adaptations: Pre-recorded caregiver-child video, WhatsApp message with session skill

Two goals developed by caregiver in first coaching session (No Curriculum Checklist)

Session content adaptations: Self-reflection checklist, session-specific visual and text-based WhatsApp messages, and non-specialist session scripts

Additional training of non-specialists on new materials and technological requirements