Table 3.

Correlations of Covariates, Main Predictor, and Moderating Variables with Outcome Variables

	Sex	Race	SES	DPA	Resting PEP	PEP Reactivity
Alcohol use
Age 9 – 10	.12	−.02	−.04	−.05	.03	−.02
Age 11 – 12	.11	.03	−.03	.04	.08	.01
Age 13 – 14	.02	.04	−.01	.15*	.02	−.05
Age 15 – 16	−.10	.01	−.16*	.07	.01	−.01
Age ≥ 17	.01	.04	−.04	.01	−.12	.08
Marijuana use
Age 9 – 10	.07	.09	.05	−.04	−.11	.14
Age 11 – 12	.12	.05	−.06	.20**	.08	.04
Age 13 – 14	.11	.05	−.17**	.16*	.10	−.08
Age 15 – 16	−.02	.17**	−.09	.10	−.05	.05
Age ≥ 17	.01	.01	.03	−.03	−.04	.07
Tobacco use
Age 9 – 10	.10	.16*	−.16*	.10	.02	−.05
Age 11 – 12	.06	−.06	−.11	.02	.02	.11
Age 13 – 14	−.01	−.06	−.12	.14*	.02	−.01
Age 15 – 16	.02	−.04	−.01	.22***	−.02	.09
Age ≥ 17	−.05	−.06	.04	−.03	.01	−.08
Any substance use
Age 9 – 10	.08	.14*	−.15*	.11	.04	−.03
Age 11 – 12	.15*	.12	−.17**	.15*	.08	.02
Age 13 – 14	.14*	.10	−.21**	.25**	.10	−.03
Age 15 – 16	.09	.13	−.27**	.34***	.07	.01
Age ≥ 17	.09	.12	−.26**	.33***	.04	.03
Past 30 days binge drinking
Age 16	.01	−.13*	.05	.34***	.02	−.01
Age 17	.13	−.14*	−.01	.19**	−.04	.01
Age 18	.21**	−.18*	.06	.18*	.02	.10
Sexual activity involving substance use
Age 16	−.07	−.02	−.04	.21**	−.03	.04
Age 17	−.02	.05	−.01	.28**	.03	−.02
Age 18	.02	.06	−.05	.29**	.10	−.01

Note. All variables collected or measured at age 16. Sex: 0 = girl, 1 = boy. Race: 0 = White, 1 = Black. SES = socioeconomic status, represented as income-to-needs ratio. DPA = deviant peer affiliation. PEP = pre-ejection period. SCL = skin conductance level.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.