Table 3.

Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional regression analysis of factors associated with OS in BMs patients.

Variable		Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
		Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P
Age at diagnosis (continuous)		1.02 (1.02–1.02)	0.001	1.01 (1.01–1.01)	0.001
Insurance type	Private	Reference		Reference
	Medicaid	1.17 (1.14–1.20)	0.001	1.11 (1.09–1.14)	0.001
	Medicare	1.55 (1.53–1.57)	0.001	1.11 (1.09–1.13)	0.001
	No insurance	1.30 (1.26–1.34)	0.001	1.18 (1.14–1.22)	0.001
Sex	Male	Reference		Reference
	Female	0.82 (0.81–0.83)	0.001	0.86 (0.85–0.87)	0.001
Race	White	Reference		Reference
	Black	0.95 (0.93–0.97)	0.001	0.94 (0.91–0.96)	0.001
	non-white non-black	0.68 (0.65–0.70)	0.001	0.73 (0.70–0.76)	0.001
Education	>=13% NHSD*	1.06 (1.05–1.07)	0.001	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	0.03
	<13% NHSD*	Reference		Reference
Income	>=$35,000	Reference		Reference
	<$35,000	1.11 (1.10–1.13)	0.001	1.05 (1.04–1.07)	0.001
Place of Living	Urban	Reference
	Rural	1.08 (1.04–1.13)	0.003
Hospital Type	Academic	Reference		Reference
	Community	1.24 (1.22–1.26)	0.001	1.18 (1.16–1.19)	0.001
Charlson/Deyo Score	0	Ref		Reference
	1	1.26 (1.24–1.28)	0.001	1.14 (1.12–1.16)	0.001
	>=2	1.51 (1.48–1.54)	0.001	1.22 (1.19–1.24)	0.001
Primary Site Surgery	Yes	Reference	0.001	Reference
	No	2.21 (2.12–2.30)		2.14 (2.05–2.24)	0.001
Chemotherapy	Yes	Reference		Reference
	No	2.33 (2.30–2.36)	0.001	2.17 (2.132–2.20)	0.001
Radiation Therapy	Yes	Reference		Reference
	No	1.57 (1.55–1.60)	0.001	1.24 (1.22–1.26)	0.001
Immunotherapy	Yes	Reference		Reference
	No	1.89 (1.82–1.97)	0.001	1.44 (1.38–1.51)	0.001
Year of Diagnosis	2010–2013	1.09 (1.07–1.11)	0.001	1.07 (1.05–1.08)	0.001
	2014–2015	Reference		Reference
Primary Cancer Type	Breast cancer	0.73 (0.69–0.77)	0.001	0.75 (0.71–0.79)	0.001
	NSCLC	1.11 (1.07–1.16)	0.001	1.06 (1.02–1.11)	0.006
	SCLC	1.23 (1.18–1.29)	0.001	1.243(1.19–1.30)	0.001
	Other types of lung cancer	2.26 (2.16–2.37)	0.001	1.38 (1.32–1.45)	0.001
	Melanoma	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.55	0.77 (0.73–0.82)	0.001
	Colorectal cancer	1.19 (1.12–1.28)	0.001	1.27 (1.18–1.37)	0.001
	Kidney cancer	Reference		Reference

*NHSD = no high school degree.