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. 2021 Nov 24;12:757508. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757508

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Zhang, Zeng, Chen, Zhang, Liu, Sheng, Hu, Su, Zhang, Lu, Liu and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gut microbiota analysis between groups in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. (A) Analysis of beta diversity using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that the microbial composition between groups was significantly different. One dot in the figure represents one sample. (B) The composition and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota at the phylum level. (C) The composition and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota at the genus level. (D) Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) bar plot. The LEfSe was used to identify the species that significantly differed between groups. (E) Correlation heatmap analysis between the intestinal flora and clinical indicators. Red represents a positive correlation, and blue represents a negative correlation.