TABLE 2.
Differential serum metabolites between groups in DKD patients (VIP > 3 and p < 0.05).
| Metabolite | Compound ID | M/Z | Metabolite changes | VIP_ | FC | AUC | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5a-Androst-3-en-17-one | HMDB0006046 | 273.220 | ↑ | 4.305 | 4.846 | 0.931 | [0.86, 1] |
| Trans-Dehydroandrosterone | C01227 | 289.215 | ↑ | 4.284 | 2.238 | 0.938 | [0.869, 1] |
| Tryptophyl-cysteine | HMDB0029080 | 330.085 | ↑ | 4.212 | 2.471 | 0.997 | [0.991,1] |
| 5-Androstene-3b,16b,17a-triol | HMDB0000523 | 307.226 | ↑ | 3.992 | 3.513 | 0.931 | [0.859, 1] |
| Oxindole | C12312 | 134.059 | ↑ | 3.931 | 2.467 | 0.913 | [0.828, 0.999] |
| 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[(3-methy lbut-enoyl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | HMDB0128920 | 318.117 | ↑ | 3.823 | 3.118 | 0.877 | [0.766, 0.988] |
| 6-Dehydrotestosterone | — | 287.200 | ↑ | 3.779 | 2.545 | 0.845 | [0.719, 0.971] |
| (2E,4E)-2,7-Dimethyl-2,4-octadienedioic acid | HMDB0034099 | 181.085 | ↑ | 3.528 | 1.761 | 0.931 | [0.852, 1] |
| O-Adipoylcarnitine | HMDB0061677 | 290.159 | ↑ | 3.523 | 1.380 | 0.965 | [0.921, 1] |
| Mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate | HMDB0094647 | 331.114 | ↑ | 3.508 | 2.567 | 0.881 | [0.781, 0.982] |
| Atrolactic acid | C05584 | 167.069 | ↑ | 3.457 | 1.616 | 0.925 | [0.848, 1] |
| Benzenebutanoic acid | HMDB0000543 | 165.091 | ↑ | 3.411 | 2.310 | 0.915 | [0.830, 1] |
| 3,5-Cyclo-5alpha,17alpha-pregn-20-yne-6beta,17-diol | C15468 | 315.231 | ↑ | 3.396 | 2.162 | 0.929 | [0.850, 1] |
| Indoleacetyl glutamine | HMDB0013240 | 304.128 | ↑ | 3.202 | 1.618 | 0.813 | [0.669, 0.958] |
| {[3-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-yl]oxy}sulfonic acid | HMDB0134083 | 291.018 | ↑ | 3.191 | 4.360 | 0.975 | [0.940, 1] |
| N-Acetylproline | HMDB0094701 | 199.107 | ↑ | 3.183 | 1.514 | 0.922 | [0.828, 1] |
| 1-Methyluric acid | C16359/HMDB0003099 | 183.050 | ↑ | 3.182 | 2.714 | 0.85 | [0.732, 0.968] |
| 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl acetate | HMDB0031722 | 209.080 | ↑ | 3.056 | 1.473 | 0.872 | [0.756, 0.988] |
| 3-Indole carboxylic acid glucuronide | HMDB0013189 | 336.071 | ↑ | 3.011 | 2.243 | 0.959 | [0.902, 1] |
Note. Abbreviations: M/Z, mass-to-charge ratio; VIP, the variable importance in projection; FC, fold change; AUC, area under curve. Metabolite changes in the DKD ESRD group are shown as (↑) for increase or (↓) for decrease. Compound ID starting with C is from the KEGG database. Compound ID starting with HMDB is from the Human Metabolome Database.