Table 3.

Studies describing the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings based on chitosans associated with silver and ceramics.

CS-based coatings	Material	Medical application	Species	Major conclusions	Reference
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)	Silicone wafers and polyethylene sheetsa,b	Medical devices	E. colie S. aureusf	Chitosan-AgNPs/PVP composites displayed higher antimicrobial activity than polyethylene films (inhibition zone 4 mm vs. 0 mm, respectively). In addition, these films reduced S. aureus and E. coli adhesion up to 100%.	(Wang et al., 2012a) c
Catechol/Silver nanoparticles	Polyurethane filmsa,b	Urethral catheters	E. colie S. aureusf	During the initial adhesion, live E. coli cells significantly decreased in the CS-catechol hydrogel-coated films, and further decreased in the CS-catechol/AgNPs-coated films compared to the bare substrate (bare: 85.23%, CS-catechol hydrogel coating: 48.32%, CS-catechol hydrogel coating with AgNPs: 4.70%).	(Yang et al., 2019) c
Zinc oxide/polyaniline (ZnO/PANI) composite	Glassa	Indwelling medical devices	C. albicansg P. aeruginosah S. aureusf	CS-ZnO/PANI coatings inhibited S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation by more than 95%. The antimicrobial activity of CS–ZnO/PANI composite against established biofilms resulted in more than 95% inhibition.	(Pandiselvi and Thambidurai, 2015) d
Iron oxide nanoparticles	Polystyrene microtiter platesa	Orthopedic implants	S. aureusf	CS-coated iron oxide nanoparticles decreased the number of biofilm cells up to 3 Log and its metabolic activity by 50% compared to the control.	(Shi et al., 2016)n.d.
Apatite	Titanium surfacesa	Orthopedic implants	E. colie S. aureusf	Apatite-CS films reduced biofilms viability by 1 and 2 Log for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, after 48 h of exposure.	(Visan et al., 2016)

^ain vitro study.

^bstudy performed under hydrodynamic conditions.

^cdip coating.

^dnon-immobilized CS.

^eEscherichia sp.

^fStaphylococcus sp.

^gCandida sp.

^hPseudomonas sp.