Table 6.
Other receptor antagonists.
| Subtype | Drug | Material basis | Model | Effect | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HT antagonists | SB269970 | 17 | MCF-7 T47D MDA-MB-231 |
Antiproliferation and anti-invasion | Gα-activated cAMP and Gβγ-activated kinase signaling during invasion and Gβγ-activated PI3K/Akt signaling during proliferation | [50] |
| BJ-1113 | 19 | MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 |
The inhibitory effect of BJ-1113 against MDA-MB-231 tumor growth was greater than that of SB269970, a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist | |||
| mAChR antagonists | Cevimeline | 20 | MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 |
Inhibited cell proliferation | PLC activation | [30] |
| 4-DAMP | 18 | MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 |
Inhibited cell proliferation | PLC activation | [69,120,123] | |
| Darifenacin | 22 | MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 |
Inhibited cell proliferation | PLC activation | [86,99,106] | |
| nAChR antagonists | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) |
24 | MCF-7 | Inhibited cell proliferation | Blocking α9-nAChR signaling pathway | [144] |
| Garcinol | 21 | MCF-10A MDA-MB-231 NOD.CB17-PRKDC (SCID) |
Inhibited cell proliferation | Downregulate the expression of α9-nAChR and cyclin D3 protein | [27] | |
| mGluR1-specific antagonists | Riluzole | 29 | Inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-response manner in all EC types | Inhibition of angiogenesis | [41,136] | |
| BAY36–7620 | 27 | [25,137] | ||||
| YM 298,198 | 28 | MCF-7 | Inhibited cell proliferation in all the cell types, except HUVEC | Inhibition of angiogenesis | [135] | |
| H3R antagonists | OUP-186 | 30 | MDA-MB-231 MCF-7 |
Induced breast cancer cell death | Activated caspase-3/7 | [142] |
| Clobenpropit | 31 | MDA-MB-231 MCF-7 |
Cell death was only slightly induced | Activated caspase-3/7 | ||
| JNJ7777120 | 32 | MDA-MB-231 MCF-7 |
Inhibited cell migration and invasion | Reduced E-cadherin, cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin, and nuclear Slug and an increase in vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin expression | [48] | |
| Peptide neurotransmitter antagonists | Scorpion venom | 33 | MDA-MB-231 | Reduced motility and invasion in breast cancer cells | Inhibited MMP activity; upregulation of p53 and downregulation of Bcl-xL and BID protein expression by modulating signaling proteins Erk1/2 and STAT3 and DNA damage in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines | [4,5] |
| NTS agonist | JMV449 | 34 | MCF-7 | Promoted apoptosis | MAPK activation caused the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) | [131] |
| NTS antagonist | SR48692 | 35 | [77] |
In summary, we highlight in the Fig. 5 which are the potential targets for drug development.