Figure 11.

Illustration of the streamer pattern experienced during descent towards a runway (left). On the right, a top view of the depicted situation is shown. As is noted in the figure, the aircraft has a track heading error of 0.75° to the left of the center of the runway and changes its angle of descent from 8.5° to 5° during the depicted interval. Note that since this is a streamer pattern, each arrow depicts the retinal trajectory during an interval, not the instantaneous retinal velocity of fiducial points. Reproduced from Calvert et al. (1963). The same figure appears in Calvert (1955a, 1957a).