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. 2021 Nov 24;9:778015. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778015

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

The effect of bone-derived factors on modules of musculoskeletal system. FGF23 affects muscle metabolism. It is associated with cardiomyocytes through FGFR4 and acts on α-Klotho to change aortic smooth muscle. OPN affects skeletal muscles, and the increase in a certain range after injury will help recovery, but long-term increase of OPN will lead to muscle fibrosis and affect muscle function. SOST affects arthritis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which can inhibit the activity of enzyme inhibitor RNA, promote subchondral bone sclerosis, and inhibit cartilage degradation.