TABLE 1.
Proton-sensing ion channels involved in ocular surface pathologies.
| Channel | Disease | Treatment | Effects | Behavioral response | Animal model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRPV1 | Ocular pain | Resiniferatoxin (RTX, agonist) | Ca2+-induced cytotoxicity | Reduces capsaicin-induced eye wiping | Rat | Neubert et al. (2003) |
| Allergic keratoconjuntivitis | Capsazepine (antagonist) | Abolishes nerve fiber spontaneous activity; reduces firing response | Attenuates eye blinking and tearing | Guinea pig | Bates et al. (2010) | |
| Dry eye disease | siRNA Tivanisiran (SYL1001) | Not tested | Improves tear quality and hyperemia; reliefs ocular discomfort and pain, avoid damage to the ocular surface | Rat | Moreno-Montañés et al. (2018), Fakih et al. (2021) | |
| Dry eye disease | A784168 (antagonist) | Not tested | Reduces increased eye blinking induced by lacrimal gland excision | Guinea pig | Benitez-Del-Castillo et al. (2016) | |
| Photokeratitis | Capsaicin (agonist) | Not tested | Increased blinking | Guinea pig | Acosta et al. (2013) | |
| TRPA1 | Allergic keratoconjuntivitis | HC-030031 (antagonist) | Reduces mechanical threshold; attenuates responsiveness to CO2 | Attenuates eye blinking | Guinea pig | Bates et al. (2010) |
| Corneal injury and inflammation | TRPA1−/− Knockout mice | Decrease macrophage infiltration; stromal neovascularization and fibrosis | Not tested | Mouse | Katagiri et al. (2015) | |
| ASIC3 | Allergic keratoconjuntivitis | APETx2 toxin (antagonist) | Not tested | Reduces allergen-induced blinking | Rat | Callejo et al. (2015) |
| Dry eye disease | APETx2 toxin (antagonist) | Not tested | No effect on acid-induced blinking | Rat | Callejo et al. (2015) |