Table 2.

Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of potential predictors of PCa.

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.090 (1.053–1.129)	<0.001	1.019 (0.962–1.080)	0.515
Smoking	2.460 (1.313–4.607)	0.005	0.579 (0.148–2.268)	0.433
Drinking	2.205 (1.176–4.138)	0.014	1.690 (0.462–6.178)	0.428
Family history	2.832 (0.764–10.498)	0.119	4.386 (0.452–42.528)	0.202
BMI (≥24 kg/m² vs. <24 kg/m²)	2.186 (1.188–4.019)	0.012	1.312 (0.433–3.976)	0.631
CEA (ng/ml)	1.227 (0.988–1.523)	0.064
AFP (ng/ml)	1.109 (0.937–1.313)	0.228
CA125 (U/ml)	1.016 (0.965–1.069)	0.545
CA199 (U/ml)	1.002 (0.980–1.025)	0.836
Log EpCAM-CD9-positive EV concentration (n.u)	15.392 (6.377–37.149)	<0.001	28.745 (6.438–128.346)	<0.001
PSA (ng/ml)
<4	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
4–10	15.200 (5.301–43.581)	<0.001	33.292 (6.105–181.543)	<0.001
>10	73.600 (23.220–233.284)	<0.001	169.450 (25.652–1119.355)	<0.001
fPSA (ng/ml)	2.007 (1.470–2.742)	<0.001
f/T PSA	0.000 (0.000–0.003)	<0.001
PV (cm³)
<36	Reference	<0.001	Reference	0.001
36–48	6.462 (2.079–20.086)	0.001	1.384 (0.173–11.083)	0.760
48–72	9.333 (2.079–24.838)	<0.001	3.352 (0.489–22.973)	0.218
72–108	2.741 (0.981–7.661)	0.054	0.203 (0.025–1.636)	0.134
>108	2.234 (0.961–5.194)	0.062	0.088 (0.012–0.633)	0.016
PSAD (≥0.15 ng/ml² vs. <0.15 ng/ml²)	68.402 (15.964–293.082)	<0.001

PCa, prostate cancer; BMI, body mass index; EV, extracellular vesicle; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; fPSA, free prostate-specific antigen; f/T PSA, free/total prostate-specific antigen; PV, prostate volume; PSAD, prostate-specific antigen density; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.