TABLE 1.
Study | Year/Country | Study | Intervention group | Control group | Design | Age, y | NYHA III-IV, % | All-cause mortality | Cardiovascular mortality | Heart failure hospitalization | Worsening heart failure events | Follow-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wilbert, S | 1997 United States | Open-label | Propranolol (n = 79) | Placebo (n = 79) | LVEF ≥40%, >62 years age | 81 ± 8 vs. 81 ± 7 | 47 vs. 49 | 44/79 vs. 60/797 | — | — | — | 35 months |
Yusuf, S | 2003 Canada | Double-blind | Candesartan (n = 1,514) | Placebo (n = 1,509) | CHARM preserved trial, LVEF ≥40% | 67.2 ± 11.1 vs. 67.1 ± 11.1 | 38.5 vs. 40 | — | 170/1,514 vs. 170/1,509 | 241/1514 vs.276/1,509 | — | 36.6 months |
Min Zi | 2003 United Kingdom | Double-blind | Quinapril (n = 36) | Placebo (n = 38) | LVEF ≥40%, >62 years age | 77 ± 7 vs. 78 ± 7 | 16.7 vs. 26.3 | 1/36 vs. 1/38 | 1/36 vs. 1/38 | 2/36 vs. 5/38 | 0/36 vs. 4/38 | 6 months |
Cleland, JG | 2006 United Kingdom | Double-blind | Perindopril (n = 424) | Placebo (n = 426) | PEP-CHF, LVEF ≥40%, >70 years age | 75 (72,79) vs. 75 (72,79) | 23 vs. 26 | 17/424 vs. 19/4,267 | 10/424 vs. 17/426 | 34/424 vs. 53/426 | 59/424 vs. 71/426 | 12 months |
Massie,BM | 2008 United States | Single-blind | Irbesartan (n = 2067) | Placebo (n = 2061) | I- PRESERVE, LVEF ≥45%, >60 years age | 72 ± 7 vs. 72 ± 7 | 80 vs. 79 | 445/2067 vs. 436/2061 | 311/2067 vs. 302/2061 | 325/2067 vs. 336/2061 | 291/2067 vs. 314/2061 | 49.5 months |
Yip, GWK | 2008 Hong Kong | Open-label | Irbesartan (n = 53) vs Ramipril (n = 39) | Placebo (n = 47) | HK-PROBE, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age | 75 ± 8.5 vs. 74 ± 6.1 vs. 73 ± 8.4 | 30.4 vs. 33.3 vs. 28.0 | 1/53 vs. 0/39 vs. 3/47 | 1/53 vs. 0/39 vs. 1/47 | 6/53 vs. 5/39 vs. 6/47 | — | 12 months |
Solomon,SD | 2012 United States | Double-blind | Sacubitril–valsartan (n = 149) | Valsartan (n = 152) | PARAMOUNT, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age | 70.9 ± 9.4 vs. 71.2 ± 8.9 | 19 vs. 21 | 1/149 vs. 2/152 | 1/149 vs. 2/152 | — | 9/149 vs. 12/152 | 36 weeks |
Edelmann, F | 2013 Austria | Double-blind | Spironolactone (n = 213) | Placebo (n = 209) | Aldo-DHF, LVEF ≥50%, >18 years age | 67 ± 8 vs. 67 ± 8 | 15 vs. 12 | 1/213 vs. 0/209 | 1/213 vs. 0/2091 | 21/213 vs. 15/209 | — | 12 months |
Yamamoto,K | 2013 Japan | Open-label | Carvedilol (n = 120) | Placebo (n = 125) | J- DHF, LVEF >40%, >20 years age | 73 ± 10 vs. 71 ± 11 | 15 vs. 8 | 18/120 vs. 21/1,257 | 8/120 vs. 7/1,255 | 21/120 vs. 27/125 | 25/120 vs. 31/125 | 24 months |
Pitt, B | 2014 United States | Double-blind | Spironolactone (n = 1722) | Placebo (n = 1723) | TOPCAT, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age | 68.7 (61,76.4) vs. 68.7 (60.7,75.5) | 33.4 vs. 32.6 | 252/1722 vs. 274/1723 | 160/1722 vs. 176/1723 | 206/1722 vs. 245/1723 | — | 3.3 years |
Solomon, SD | 2019 United Kingdom | Single-blind | Sacubitril–valsartan (n = 2,407) | Valsartan (n = 2,389) | PARAGON-HF, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age | 72.7 ± 8.3 vs. 72.5 ± 8.5 | 19.3 vs. 20.3 | 342/2,407 vs. 349/2,389 | 204/2,407 vs. 212/2,389 | 690/2,407 vs. 797/2,389 | 202/2,407 vs. 221/2,389 | 4 years |
Armstrong, PW | 2020 Canada | Open-label | Vericiguat 15 mg (n = 264) vs. Vericiguat 10 mg (n = 262) | Placebo (n = 262) | VITALITY-HFpEF, LVEF ≥45%, >45 years age | 73.1 ± 9.1 vs. 72.2 ± 9.7 vs. 72.8 ± 9.4 | 42.4 vs. 41.4 vs. 40.5 | 10/264 vs. 15/262 vs. 7/262 | 8/264 vs. 12/262 vs. 4/262 | — | — | 24 weeks |
Ahmed, A | 2006 United States | Open-label | Digoxin (n = 492) | Placebo (n = 496) | LVEF ≥45%, >45 years age | 66.7 ± 10.7 vs. 66.9 ± 9.9 | 21.5 vs. 22.6 | 115/492 vs. 116/496 | 81/492 vs. 81/496 | 61/492 vs. 73/496 | 89/492 vs. 108/496 | 37 months |
Redfield, MM | 2013 United States | Open-label | Sildenafil (n = 113) | Placebo (n = 103 | LVEF ≥50%, >18 years age | 68 (62,77) vs. 69 (62,77) | 51 vs. 55 | 3/113 vs. 0/103 | 2/113 vs. 0/103 | 15/113 vs. 13/103 | — | 24 weeks |
HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; “/” = no data available.