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. 2021 Nov 24;12:707777. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707777

TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of included RCTs.

Study Year/Country Study Intervention group Control group Design Age, y NYHA III-IV, % All-cause mortality Cardiovascular mortality Heart failure hospitalization Worsening heart failure events Follow-up
Wilbert, S 1997 United States Open-label Propranolol (n = 79) Placebo (n = 79) LVEF ≥40%, >62 years age 81 ± 8 vs. 81 ± 7 47 vs. 49 44/79 vs. 60/797 35 months
Yusuf, S 2003 Canada Double-blind Candesartan (n = 1,514) Placebo (n = 1,509) CHARM preserved trial, LVEF ≥40% 67.2 ± 11.1 vs. 67.1 ± 11.1 38.5 vs. 40 170/1,514 vs. 170/1,509 241/1514 vs.276/1,509 36.6 months
Min Zi 2003 United Kingdom Double-blind Quinapril (n = 36) Placebo (n = 38) LVEF ≥40%, >62 years age 77 ± 7 vs. 78 ± 7 16.7 vs. 26.3 1/36 vs. 1/38 1/36 vs. 1/38 2/36 vs. 5/38 0/36 vs. 4/38 6 months
Cleland, JG 2006 United Kingdom Double-blind Perindopril (n = 424) Placebo (n = 426) PEP-CHF, LVEF ≥40%, >70 years age 75 (72,79) vs. 75 (72,79) 23 vs. 26 17/424 vs. 19/4,267 10/424 vs. 17/426 34/424 vs. 53/426 59/424 vs. 71/426 12 months
Massie,BM 2008 United States Single-blind Irbesartan (n = 2067) Placebo (n = 2061) I- PRESERVE, LVEF ≥45%, >60 years age 72 ± 7 vs. 72 ± 7 80 vs. 79 445/2067 vs. 436/2061 311/2067 vs. 302/2061 325/2067 vs. 336/2061 291/2067 vs. 314/2061 49.5 months
Yip, GWK 2008 Hong Kong Open-label Irbesartan (n = 53) vs Ramipril (n = 39) Placebo (n = 47) HK-PROBE, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age 75 ± 8.5 vs. 74 ± 6.1 vs. 73 ± 8.4 30.4 vs. 33.3 vs. 28.0 1/53 vs. 0/39 vs. 3/47 1/53 vs. 0/39 vs. 1/47 6/53 vs. 5/39 vs. 6/47 12 months
Solomon,SD 2012 United States Double-blind Sacubitril–valsartan (n = 149) Valsartan (n = 152) PARAMOUNT, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age 70.9 ± 9.4 vs. 71.2 ± 8.9 19 vs. 21 1/149 vs. 2/152 1/149 vs. 2/152 9/149 vs. 12/152 36 weeks
Edelmann, F 2013 Austria Double-blind Spironolactone (n = 213) Placebo (n = 209) Aldo-DHF, LVEF ≥50%, >18 years age 67 ± 8 vs. 67 ± 8 15 vs. 12 1/213 vs. 0/209 1/213 vs. 0/2091 21/213 vs. 15/209 12 months
Yamamoto,K 2013 Japan Open-label Carvedilol (n = 120) Placebo (n = 125) J- DHF, LVEF >40%, >20 years age 73 ± 10 vs. 71 ± 11 15 vs. 8 18/120 vs. 21/1,257 8/120 vs. 7/1,255 21/120 vs. 27/125 25/120 vs. 31/125 24 months
Pitt, B 2014 United States Double-blind Spironolactone (n = 1722) Placebo (n = 1723) TOPCAT, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age 68.7 (61,76.4) vs. 68.7 (60.7,75.5) 33.4 vs. 32.6 252/1722 vs. 274/1723 160/1722 vs. 176/1723 206/1722 vs. 245/1723 3.3 years
Solomon, SD 2019 United Kingdom Single-blind Sacubitril–valsartan (n = 2,407) Valsartan (n = 2,389) PARAGON-HF, LVEF ≥45%, >18 years age 72.7 ± 8.3 vs. 72.5 ± 8.5 19.3 vs. 20.3 342/2,407 vs. 349/2,389 204/2,407 vs. 212/2,389 690/2,407 vs. 797/2,389 202/2,407 vs. 221/2,389 4 years
Armstrong, PW 2020 Canada Open-label Vericiguat 15 mg (n = 264) vs. Vericiguat 10 mg (n = 262) Placebo (n = 262) VITALITY-HFpEF, LVEF ≥45%, >45 years age 73.1 ± 9.1 vs. 72.2 ± 9.7 vs. 72.8 ± 9.4 42.4 vs. 41.4 vs. 40.5 10/264 vs. 15/262 vs. 7/262 8/264 vs. 12/262 vs. 4/262 24 weeks
Ahmed, A 2006 United States Open-label Digoxin (n = 492) Placebo (n = 496) LVEF ≥45%, >45 years age 66.7 ± 10.7 vs. 66.9 ± 9.9 21.5 vs. 22.6 115/492 vs. 116/496 81/492 vs. 81/496 61/492 vs. 73/496 89/492 vs. 108/496 37 months
Redfield, MM 2013 United States Open-label Sildenafil (n = 113) Placebo (n = 103 LVEF ≥50%, >18 years age 68 (62,77) vs. 69 (62,77) 51 vs. 55 3/113 vs. 0/103 2/113 vs. 0/103 15/113 vs. 13/103 24 weeks

HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; “/” = no data available.