TABLE 2.
Clinical data of the studies included in the systematic review
| First author, Journal | Design | M/F ratio | RRT | Vasopressor dose | PaO2/FiO2 | ICU admission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HP strategy (n=) | Age | ECMO | Ventilation strategy | Length of stay (days) | ||
| Mortality (timing) | ||||||
| Villa et al, Critical Care 2020 | Prospective non randomized | 31/6 | 100% | Pre: Vasoactive 65% VIS 10 (22) | PaO2/FiO2 Pre 119 ± 42 at 72 h 168 ± 47 | 100% |
| OXIRIS (37) | 59 ± 9 y | – | Post 72 h: Vasoactive 23% VIS 0 | – | – | |
| 56% (n/r) | ||||||
| Ugurov et al, Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020 | Case series | 13/2 | 100% | – | – | 100% |
| OXIRIS (15) | 60 ± 13 y | – | Pre: MV 7% | ICU: 10 + 2 | ||
| Post: MV 13% | 36% (n/r) | |||||
| Dai et al, Artif Organs 2020 | Case‐control multicenter, prospective | ALS:40/10 | – | – | – | – |
| ALS (50 treated + 51 controls) | 60 ± 13 y | – | – | – | ||
| C: 35/16 | ALS 16%; Controls 51% (28 days) | |||||
| 60 ± 15 y | Subgroup of patients (30) in early cytokine storm: ALS: 15/15 improved (discharged without MV); controls 6/15 progressed to severe disease and died | |||||
| Guo et al, Frontiers Immunology 2020 | Case series | 10/2 | – | Pre: Vasoactive 42% (dose not specified) | PaO2/FiO2 Pre 197 ± 51 | 100% |
| ALS (12) | 62 ± 14 y | 25% | Post 230 ± 88 | – | ||
| MV 58% | – | |||||
| Alharty et al, Artif Organs 2021 | Case series | 39/11 | 100% | NE infusion baseline 0.9 ± 0.2 μg/kg/min | PaO2/FiO2 survivors | 100% |
| CytoSorb (50) | 50 ± 9 y | 8% | 35 survivors: after 2 ± 1 sessions of HP, vasopressors were off | Pre: 113 ± 34, post 303 ± 37 | ICU: 21 ± 9 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 non‐survivor | 30% (28 days) | |||||
| Pre: 127 ± 41, post 83 ± 21 | ||||||
| MV 100% (duration MV 17 ± 7 days) | ||||||
| Rampino et al, Blood Purif 2020 | Case‐control | Treated | – | – | PaO2/FiO2 | 100% |
| Cytosorb (5 treated + 4 controls) | 5/0 | – | Pre: Treated 260 ± 52 Controls 165 ± 15 | – | ||
| 58 ± 4 y | Post PaO2/FiO2 improved in treated | Treated 20% Controls 100% (2 months; all survivors were discharged from hospital) | ||||
| Controls | Pre: NIV 100% | |||||
| 3/1 | Post: MV Treated 40% Controls 100% | |||||
| 66 ± 2 y | ||||||
| Hashemian et al, Pulmonology 2020 | Case series | 9/6 | – | – | PaO2/FiO2 Pre 184 ± 56 | 100% |
| Case series | 58 ± 12 y | – | Post 224 ± 57 | ICU: 10 ± 2 | ||
| Pre: MV 26% NIV 74% | 40% (n/r) | |||||
| Post: MV 40% NIV 60% | ||||||
| De Rosa et al, Artif Organs 2020 | Case series (EUPHAS II) | 9/3 | 75% | VDI baseline: 29 (15) | – | 100% |
| Toramixyn (12) | 60 ± 10 y | – | VDI 120 h: 0 (4) | MV 100% | ICU: 26 Hospital: 31 | |
| 50% (28 days); 58% (hospital discharge) | ||||||
| Katagiri et al, Clin Apher 2020 | Case series | 9/3 | 8% | – | PaO2/FiO2 Pre 154 | – |
| Toramixyn (12) | 66 (47) y | 16% | At 96h 214 | – | ||
| MV 42% | 25% (n/r) | |||||
| Hashemian et al, Tanaffos. 2020 Dec | Case‐control | HA380: 2/0 | 83% | NE infusion (mcg/kg/min) | – | 100% |
| HA380 (2) | 54 ± 23 y | – | HA380 pre 2.5 ± 0.1 post 1.5 ± 1.5 | MV 100% | ICU: HA380 7 ± 2; HA ± RRT 8 ± 2; RRT 7 ± 1; 66% (n/r; 50% HA380, 50% HA + RRT, 100% RRT) | |
| HA380+RRT (6) RRT (4) | HA+RRT: 5/1 | HA+RRT pre 2.5 ± 0.0 post 1.0 ± 0.8 | ||||
| 54 ± 12 y | RRT pre 2.4 ± 0.1 post 2.6 ± 0.3 | |||||
| RRT: 2/2 | ||||||
| 48 ± 5 y | ||||||
| Asgharpour et al, BMC Nephrology 2020 | Case series | 5/5 | 100% | – | – | 100% |
| HA280 (5) + HA230 (5) | 57 ± 18 y | – | – | – | ||
| – | 40% (n/r) |
Abbreviations: ALS, artificial‐liver blood‐purification system; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HA, hemoadsorption; HP, hemoperfusion; ICU, intensive care unit; M/F, male/female; MV, mechanical ventilation; NE, norepinephrine; NIV, non‐invasive ventilation; RRT, renal replacement therapy; VDI, vasopressor dependency index; VIS, Vasoactive Inotropic Score.