TABLE 3.
Biochemical data of the studies included in the systematic review
| First author, Journal | N | Drug therapy (%) | Inflammatory markers | Cytokines data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villa et al, Critical Care 2020 | 37 | Antibiotics (100%), HCQ (100%), antivirals (24%), anti IL6 receptor antagonist (40%) | CRP (mg/L) pre 200 (176) at 72 h 128 (122) | IL‐6 (ng/L) pre 1230 (895) at 72 h 160 (141) |
| OXIRIS | Ferritin (ng/ml) pre 12 ± 6 at 72 h 2033 ± 2855 | Reduction in IL‐6 correlated with decrease in SOFA score | ||
| Ugurov et al, Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 | 15 | Antibiotics (100%), anti IL6 receptor antagonist (6%) | CRP (mg/L) pre 109 (73) | Decreasing levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α |
| OXIRIS | ||||
| Dai et al, Artif Organs 2020 | 101 | – | – | IL‐6 (pg/ml) ALS pre 120 post 20 |
| 50 ALS +51 Control | Control pre 40 post 51 | |||
| Guo et al, Frontiers in Immunology 2020 | 12 | Steroids (100%), antibiotics (92%), anti IL‐6 receptor antagonist (87%) | – | 32 cytokines (including IL‐6 and TNF‐α) out of 34 dosed were significantly decreased after each ALS course |
| ALS | ||||
| Alharthy et al, Artif Organs 2021 | 50 | Antibiotics (100%), steroids (100%), antivirals (100%), interferon (100%) | CRP (mg/L) | IL6 (pg/ml) |
| Survivors: pre 145 ± 98 post 44 ± 26 | Survivors: pre 613 ± 186 post 170 ± 78 | |||
| Non‐survivors: pre 128 ± 69 post 144 ± 98 | Non survivors: pre 722 ± 507 post 1253 ± 859 | |||
| Cytosorb | Ferritin (ng/ml) | |||
| Survivors: pre602±142 post 296 ± 63 | ||||
| Non‐survivors: pre 358 ± 175 post 729 ± 163 | ||||
| Rampino et al, Blood Purif 2020 | 9 | Steroids (88%), antibiotics (77%), HCQ (77%), antiviral (55%), anti IL6 receptor antagonist (11%) | CRP decreased in Cytosorb series (not specified) | IL6, IL8 TNFa reduced in Cyto Sorb group (not specified) |
| 5 Cytosorb | ||||
| 4 Control | ||||
| Hashemian SM et al, Pulmonology 2020 | 15 | Antivirals, antibiotics | CRP (mg/dl) pre 47 ± 18 post 28 ± 20 | IL‐6 (pg/ml) pre 8 ± 2 post 6 ± 1 |
| Plasmapheresis | Ferritin (ng/ml) pre 1027 ± 397 post 654 ± 320 | TNF‐α (pg/ml) pre 9 ± 4 post 4 ± 1 | ||
| De Rosa et al, Artif Organs 2020 | 12 | Antivirals (100%), steroids (100%), anti‐IL6 receptor antagonist (50%), HCQ (42%) | – | Data on endotoxin activity |
| Toramixyn | Pre: 0.8 [0.7‐0.9] at 120 h: 0.6 [0.4‐0.7] | |||
| Katagiri et al, Clin Apher. 2020 | 12 | Antivirals, steroids | – | Except for one non‐survivor, IL‐8, IL‐10, and IL‐17 levels remained almost unchanged or trended downward |
| Toramixyn | ||||
| Hashemian et al, Tanaffos 2020 Dec | 12 | Antivirals (100%), HCQ (100%), anti IL6 receptor antagonist (patients with direct kidney involvement and a high level of IL‐6) | IL‐1, pg/ml | |
| HA380 (2) | HA380: pre 75 ± 14 post 40 ± 6 | |||
| HA380+RRT (6) RRT (4) | RRT : pre 70 ± 8 post 44 ± 6 | |||
| HA380+RRT: pre 58 ± 9 post 36 ± 4 | ||||
| IL‐6, pg/ml | ||||
| HA380 : pre 245 ± 92 post 160 ± 70 | ||||
| RRT : pre 229 ± 24 post 164 ± 29 | ||||
| HA380+RRT: pre 248 ± 58 post 154 ± 31 | ||||
| IL‐8, pg/Ml (HP, CRRT, HP+CRRT) | ||||
| HA380: pre 742 ± 11 post 383 ± 61 | ||||
| RRT : pre 830 ± 126 post 489 ± 57 | ||||
| HA380+RRT: pre 805 ± 72 post 431 ± 56 | ||||
| Asgharpour et al, BMC Nephrology 2020 | 10 | Antibiotics (100%), antivirals (100%), HCQ (90%) | CRP (mg/L) pre 136 ± 84 post 78 ± 39 | IL‐6 (ng/ml) pre 140 ± 106 post 72 ± 66 |
| 5 HA280 + 5 HA230 |
Abbreviations: ALS, artificial‐liver blood‐purification system; CRP, reactive protein; HA, hemoadsorption; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HP, hemoperfusion; IL, interleukin; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.