Table 2.
Clinical outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
| 2019 (n = 630) | 2020 (n = 498) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 53.6 ± 17.4 | 53.1 ± 17.2 | 0.645 |
| Sex | 0.489 | ||
| Female | 304 (48.3%) | 230 (46.2%) | |
| Male | 326 (51.7%) | 268 (53.8%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 21.6 ± 4.1 | 21.5 ± 4.0 | 0.770 |
| HRM diagnosis | 0.430 | ||
| Type I achalasia | 265 (42.1%) | 250 (50.2%) | |
| Type II achalasia | 189 (30.0%) | 126 (25.3%) | |
| Type III achalasia | 36 (5.7%) | 21 (4.2%) | |
| EGJOO | 19 (3.0%) | 14 (2.8%) | |
| Jackhammer esophagus | 12 (1.9%) | 8 (1.6%) | |
| Distal esophageal spasm | 13 (2.1%) | 9 (1.8%) | |
| Others* | 96 (15.2%) | 70 (14.1%) | |
| Type of achalasia | 0.775 | ||
| Straight | 469 (74.4%) | 367 (73.7%) | |
| Sigmoid | 125 (19.9%) | 107 (21.5%) | |
| Advanced sigmoid | 36 (5.7%) | 24 (4.8%) | |
| Esophageal dilation | 0.051 | ||
| Grade I | 326 (51.8%) | 226 (45.4%) | |
| Grade II | 273 (43.3%) | 252 (50.6%) | |
| Grade III | 31 (4.9%) | 20 (4.0%) | |
| History of previous procedure | 0.169 | ||
| None | 502 (79.7%) | 417 (83.7%) | |
| Pneumatic dilation | 103 (16.3%) | 64 (12.9%) | |
| Heller or Heller‐Dor operation | 22 (3.5%) | 12 (2.4%) | |
| POEM | 3 (0.5%) | 5 (1.0%) | |
| ASA‐PS classification | 0.876 | ||
| I/II | 610 (96.8%) | 483 (97.0%) | |
| ≥III | 20 (3.2%) | 15 (3.0%) | |
| Eckardt score, mean ± SD | 6.1 ± 2.2 | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 0.114 |
| Adverse events | 33/630 (5.2%) | 37/498 (7.4%) | 0.137 |
| Clinical success | 562/598 (93.9%) | 326/351 (92.9%) | 0.504 |
Others include achalasia‐related esophageal motility disorders diagnosed by endoscopy and esophagography. Adverse events were defined by Clavien–Dindo classification grades I–V.
Statistical analysis for HRM diagnosis was conducted between type I–III achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders. Statistical analysis for the type of achalasia was performed between the straight type and the sigmoid type (including the advanced sigmoid type). Statistical analysis for esophageal dilation was performed between Grade I and Grade II–III.
ASA‐PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status; BMI, body mass index; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; EGJOO, esophagogastric outflow obstruction; HRM, high‐resolution manometry; POEM, peroral endoscopic myotomy; SD, standard deviation.