TABLE 7.

Performance comparison of the proposed method with other approaches

Ref. no/year	Images	Method	Dataset source	Performance	Class
2020 28	CT images	Self‐Trans	COVID‐CT 28	0.85 F1 0.94 AUC	COVID‐19 Non‐COVID‐19
2020 29	CT images	DenseNet121‐FPN	From six cities in China	0.86 AUC	COVID‐19 Bacterial pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia Viral pneumonia Fungal pneumonia
2020 30	X‐ray images	CapsNet	COVID‐Chest X‐ray dataset	Acc. 84.22 (Multi) Acc. 97.24 (Binary)	COVID‐19 No‐findings Pneumonia
2020 25	CT images	Transfer learning on inception	Three hospitals from China	0.93 AUC Specificity 88.0 Sensitivity 87.0	Viral pneumonia
2020 31	X‐ray images	DarkNet	COVID‐Chest X‐ray dataset Chest X‐ray	Sensitivity 85.53 Acc. 87.02	SARS‐COV‐2 No finding Pneumonia
2020 32	X‐ray images	FBD + ResNet50 + Softmax	750 Images	Acc. 98.6% Specificity 94% Sensitivity 96%	Pneumonia COVID‐19 Healthy
2020 26	CT images	ARENET (ResNet50 and FPN)	Hospitals of two provinces in China	Precision 93% Recall 93% Acc. 93%	COVID‐19 Bacterial pneumonia Healthy
2021 22	X‐ray images	ResNet34	Collected from two sources 18	Acc. 98.33%	Normal COVID‐19
2021 33	X‐ray images	22 layer CNN	COVID‐R 29	Acc. 99.1% (2 class) Acc. 94.2% (3 class) Acc. 91.2% (4 class)	COVID‐19 Normal Pneumonia (viral + bacteria)
2021 34	X‐ray images	Transfer learning on CNN	COVIDGR 1.0 30	Acc. 90.45%	COVID Non‐COVID
2021 61	X‐ray images	InstacovNet‐19	3150 images	Acc. 99.53% (2 class) Acc. 99.08% (3 class)	COVID‐19 Pneumonia Normal
2020 62	X‐ray images	COVID‐Net	COVIDx Dataset	Acc. 93.3%	COVID Non‐COVID Normal
2020 63	X‐RAY images	Transfer learning on VGG19	1424 images	Acc.98.75 (2 class) Acc. 93.48 (3 class)	COVID‐19 Pneumonia Normal
The proposed method	X‐ray images	AlexNet + EfficientNet‐B0 + NASNetLarge + Xception and LDA	COVID‐19 image Dataset	Acc. 98.4%	COVID Normal Viral pneumonia
The proposed Method	X‐ray images	AlexNet + EfficientNet‐B0 + NASNetLarge + Xception and SVM	COVID‐19 Pneumonia Normal Chest X‐ray (PA) Dataset	Acc. 95.7%	COVID Normal Viral pneumonia
The proposed method	X‐ray images	AlexNet + EfficientNet‐B0 + NASNetLarge + Xception and LDA	COVID‐19 Radiography Database	Acc. 99.6%	COVID Normal Pneumonia